In vitro biotransformation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Dechlorane Plus flame retardants: A case study of ring-billed gull breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Chabot-Giguère ◽  
Robert J. Letcher ◽  
Jonathan Verreault
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Dechlorane Plus ◽  
St Lawrence River ◽  
Bde 209

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental toxicity assessment of flame retardants using a human DNT in vitro testing battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jördis Klose ◽  
Melanie Pahl ◽  
Kristina Bartmann ◽  
Farina Bendt ◽  
Jonathan Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cell ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Toxicity ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate

AbstractDue to their neurodevelopmental toxicity, flame retardants (FRs) like polybrominated diphenyl ethers are banned from the market and replaced by alternative FRs, like organophosphorus FRs, that have mostly unknown toxicological profiles. To study their neurodevelopmental toxicity, we evaluated the hazard of several FRs including phased-out polybrominated FRs and organophosphorus FRs: 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenylether (BDE-47), 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenylether (BDE-99), tetrabromobisphenol A, triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and its metabolite bis-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl isopropylated phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Therefore, we used a human cell–based developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro battery covering a large variety of neurodevelopmental endpoints. Potency according to the respective most sensitive benchmark concentration (BMC) across the battery ranked from <1 μM (5 FRs), 1<10 μM (7 FRs) to the >10 μM range (3 FRs). Evaluation of the data with the ToxPi tool revealed a distinct ranking (a) than with the BMC and (b) compared to the ToxCast data, suggesting that DNT hazard of these FRs is not well predicted by ToxCast assays. Extrapolating the DNT in vitro battery BMCs to human FR exposure via breast milk suggests low risk for individual compounds. However, it raises a potential concern for real-life mixture exposure, especially when different compounds converge through diverse modes-of-action on common endpoints, like oligodendrocyte differentiation in this study. This case study using FRs suggests that human cell–based DNT in vitro battery is a promising approach for neurodevelopmental hazard assessment and compound prioritization in risk assessment. Graphical abstract

In Vivo and In Vitro Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE 209) by Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Common Carp

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 4653-4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Stapleton ◽  
Brian Brazil ◽  
R. David Holbrook ◽  
Carys L. Mitchelmore ◽  
Rae Benedict ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bde 209

scholarly journals Preliminary Screening of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs); Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) and Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) Flame Retardants in Municipal Dumpsite in Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oghenekohwiroro Edjere ◽  
Chukwunonso Elvis Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Detectable Range ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Bde 209

Aims: This study is aimed at determining the concentration of two widely used BFRs; Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) and Tetrabromo Bisphenol-A (TBBPA) in sediment and leachate samples. Place and Duration of Study: Field sampling were carried out from five major dumpsites around Warri Municipality, Delta State, Nigeria. Analyte extraction was done in 2017 at the Science laboratory, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun Delta State, Nigeria and quantification done in Switzerland by Bachema Analytical Laboratories in 2017. Methods: Three soil samples were collected from each site 15cm from the soil surface. Also, three leachate samples from three different trial pits done for each site. Collected soil samples were stored in glass bottles and labelled. While the leachate samples are stored using glass containers and labelled. The BFRs were extracted using Aceton and cyclohexane for each soil matrix and cyclohexane for the leachate samples, then the extract was analysed using GC coupled with an ECD supplied by Thermo Trace GC Ultra, Italy. Results: The results showed the average concentration for TBBPA in the sediments was 0.0234 g/kg and that of the BDE-209 was recorded as 0.1828 g/kg. Results from the leachate sample were below the detectable range of the analytical equipment, TBBPA (0.02 g/kg) and BDE (0.1 g/kg). There is no statistical difference between the mean concentration of TBBPA for the sediment in each of the locations (P>.05) and no difference (P>.05) for BDE-209 for the sediment in each of the locations (P>.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study holds that the concentration of TBBPA and BDE-209 in sediment is higher when compared with concentrations presented in other literatures studied in this report and this calls for immediate action due to the health risk associated with exposure in these municipalities.

NPK Analysis of the Thermal Degradation of Decabromodiphenylether

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2734-2738
Author(s):  
Mihai Dumitras ◽  
Dan Maftei ◽  
Anton Airinei ◽  
Nita Tudorachi ◽  
Alin Constantin Dirtu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bde 209

This study aims to investigate the thermal degradation behavior of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) by simultaneous TG/DTA under various conditions. Due to low volatility, high elution temperatures are needed when applying chromatographic techniques for this class of flame retardants (FR), resulting in thermal degradation affecting analysis results, but no systematic study has been reported. Kinetic analysis was performed by the non-parametric (NPK) method, and in correlation with evolved gas analysis (EGA) information and molecular modeling results, provided valuable insight into the kinetics and mechanism of BDE 209 thermal degradation. The conclusions were aimed at designing proper specific GC analytical methods for the selected FRs and serving for a better estimation of the human exposure to such compounds.

scholarly journals Comparative toxicity of trophic exposures to polybrominated compounds (2, 4, 6 - Tribromophenol and BDE-209) to Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro A Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Dandie Antunes Bozza ◽  
Luise Esqu ◽  
Elton Celton de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Filipak Neto
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Gst Activity ◽  
Bde 209

Abstract In the last decades, there has been an increase in demand for new polymers, including flame-retardants compounds, to meet fire prevention by international safety standards. The decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener still in use worldwide. This compound presents lipophilic properties and so is easily bioaccumulated in the food chain. The 2, 4, 6 - Tribromophenol (TBP) is a PBDE metabolite also used as pesticide and flame-retardant for wood conservation. In the current study, the acute and chronic toxicity of BDE-209 and TBP was evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus through the analyses of redox unbalance, neurotoxicity and histopathological biomarkers after acute (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and chronic (90 days) exposures to 0.5, 5 and 50 ng/g of the PBDEs. The results showed effects in GST activity and damage to biomolecules in both acute and chronic exposures. Histopathological findings were observed in the acute experiment, while hepatocyte lesions were found in both experiments. Only BDE-209 presented neurotoxic effects. The current study revealed new endpoints related with polybrominated compounds in fish, highlighting the needs to review the risk of exposure to biota and human populations.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Toxicity of the Flame Retardant (decabromodiphenyl ether) in a Bioindicator Fish (Gambusia affinis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Pérez Iglesias ◽  
Patricia Silvia Gonzalez ◽  
Mirian Roxana Calderon ◽  
Guillermo Sebastian Natale ◽  
Cesar Americo Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Gambusia Affinis ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Biochemical Level ◽  
Cytotoxic Responses ◽  
Bde 209

Abstract In recent years, polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDE have been identified as the new emerging pollutants. These pollutants are derived from e-waste and their adverse effect on biota has been proven. In this work, the adverse effects of BDE-209 on mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were evaluated. Acute toxicity bioassays were carried out with daily renewal of solutions, using different concentrations of environmental relevance ranged between 10 and 100 µg.L− 1 of BDE-209. After 48 and 96 h of exposure, mortality, individual activity (swimming), biochemical activity (catalase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; and acetylcholinesterase), and cytotoxic responses (micronucleus frequencies) were studied. In addition, integrated biomarker response and multivariate analyses were conducted to study the correlation of biomarkers. The calculated lethal concentrations 50 remained constant after all exposure times (24 to 96 h), and the corresponding value was 27.79 µg.L− 1 BDE-209. Furthermore, BDE-209 induced effects on the swimming activity of this species in relation to acetylcholine, since BDE-209 increased, produced oxidative damage at the biochemical level and genotoxicity after 48 h of sublethal concentrations (10 and 25 µg.L− 1 BDE-209) of exposure. The results show that BDE-209 has biochemical, cytotoxic, neurotoxic and genotoxic potential on G. affinis. In addition, mosquitofish can be used as a good bioindicator to evaluate environmental stressors and flame retardants could be a risk factor to Neotropical species.

Case study in 21 st century ecotoxicology: using in vitro aromatase inhibition data to predict short term in vivo responses in adult female fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Villeneuve ◽  
Brett R. Blackwell ◽  
Jenna E. Cavallin ◽  
Wan‐Yun Cheng ◽  
David J. Feifarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Aromatase Inhibition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inhibition Data

scholarly journals Neither a Novel Tau Proteinopathy nor an Expansion of a Phenotype: Reappraising Clinicopathology-Based Nosology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7292
Author(s):  
Luca Marsili ◽  
Jennifer Sharma ◽  
Alberto J. Espay ◽  
Alice Migazzi ◽  
Elhusseini Abdelghany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Niemann Pick Disease ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ataxia Syndrome ◽  
Niemann Pick

The gold standard for classification of neurodegenerative diseases is postmortem histopathology; however, the diagnostic odyssey of this case challenges such a clinicopathologic model. We evaluated a 60-year-old woman with a 7-year history of a progressive dystonia–ataxia syndrome with supranuclear gaze palsy, suspected to represent Niemann–Pick disease Type C. Postmortem evaluation unexpectedly demonstrated neurodegeneration with 4-repeat tau deposition in a distribution diagnostic of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Whole-exome sequencing revealed a new heterozygous variant in TGM6, associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 35 (SCA35). This novel TGM6 variant reduced transglutaminase activity in vitro, suggesting it was pathogenic. This case could be interpreted as expanding: (1) the PSP phenotype to include a spinocerebellar variant; (2) SCA35 as a tau proteinopathy; or (3) TGM6 as a novel genetic variant underlying a SCA35 phenotype with PSP pathology. None of these interpretations seem adequate. We instead hypothesize that impairment in the crosslinking of tau by the TGM6-encoded transglutaminase enzyme may compromise tau functionally and structurally, leading to its aggregation in a pattern currently classified as PSP. The lessons from this case study encourage a reassessment of our clinicopathology-based nosology.

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