Abstract
In this work we investigated the possibility of substituting diphenylamine (DPA) by the natural product guaiacol, as a stabilizer for nitrocellulose (NC)-based propellants. Stability evaluation, using heat-flux calorimetry (HFC), revealed lower heat flows associated with our guaiacol-stabilized propellant samples when compared to those of propellants stabilized with the traditional stabilizers. Also, pressure-vacuum stability tests (PVST) showed that our propellant exhibited lower evolved gas volumes. Traditional tests, such as the German Test, and the Bergmann-Junk Test, scored a NO volume, after titration, of 0.87 ml (below the limit-value for acceptance, which is 2.0 ml), and the Storage Test, showed that our samples are stable and do not degrade for more than 3 days when submitted to a constant temperature of 100°C. The homogeneity, stability and compatibility of our samples were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and isothermal thermogravimetry (TG). Ballistic parameters were estimated using a closed vessel along with ad hoc codes, for comparison purposes. Finally, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed before allowed inferring the stabilizer consumption after artificial ageing of samples. Such method also showed that the material met the correspondent stability criteria (AOP-48). In short, our results clearly indicate that guaiacol is an effective and efficient substitute for DPA as a propellant stabilizer for single base nitrocellulose-based propellants, making them more environmentally friendly.