Occurrence, fate and ecological risk of five typical azole fungicides as therapeutic and personal care products in the environment: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Feng Chen ◽  
Guang-Guo Ying
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Azole Fungicides

Discussion on the application of UV/H2O2, O3 and O3/UV processes as technologies for sewage reuse considering the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Kim ◽  
N. Yamashita ◽  
Y. Kato ◽  
H. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

The applicability of O3, UV/H2O2 and O3/UV treatment processes as technologies for water reuse considering pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) removal was investigated. Electrical energies required for the effective removal of various PPCPs in secondary effluent were 0.09 kWh/m3, 0.54 kWh/m3 and 1.09 kWh/m3 for O3, UV/H2O2 and O3/UV treatments, respectively, showing that O3 treatment is the most cost-effective treatment option for the PPCPs removal. O3 treatment showed the effective PPCPs removal at O3 dose of 6 mg/L; however, the formation of bromate is expected for O3 treatment using O3 dose of more than 4 mg/L. In particular, bromate formation will be a critical issue when the reclaimed water is used for direct/indirect potable reuses. Therefore, in order to suppress the bromate formation as well as achieve the effective PPCPs removal, O3/UV treatment will be recommended. UV/H2O2 treatment will be also a profitable treatment method because no bromate will be formed during the process. The evaluation for ecological risk of PPCPs by the applied processes showed that all the processes could decrease the ecological risk caused by parent PPCPs considerably. This means that the investigated treatment processes can play an important role in reducing unpredictable side effects caused by PPCPs in the aquatic environment.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban and suburban rivers of Beijing, China: occurrence, source apportionment and potential ecological risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Dai ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Chaochen Fu ◽  
Rui Dong ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Beijing China

This study analyzed 15 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two rivers with different urbanization levels in the surrounding watershed (urban and suburb) in Beijing, China.

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Taihu Lake, China: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Nkoom ◽  
Guanghua Lu ◽  
Jianchao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care

The rationale behind this paper was to review the available data regarding the current knowledge on the levels and trends of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Taihu Lake.

scholarly journals Occurrence and multiple-level ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two lakes of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Jin ◽  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
Chenglian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Multiple Level ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Baiyangdian Lake ◽  
Tai Lake

Abstract Background: Management of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a social problem. In the present study, concentrations of 140 PPCPs at 20 sites in Baiyangdian Lake and Tai Lake from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-MS). Risk quotients (RQ) were calculated for each detected chemical at all sites and a prioritization index (PI) based on maximum RQ was calculated. To assess the risk of chemicals that identified high priority (PI>1), a more accurate method of joint probability curves (JPCs) was applied. Results: A total of 41 PPCPs were quantitatively detected in the two lakes, with maximum concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 889 ng/L. Among these, seven PPCPs were identified as high or moderate risk pollutants for at least one site, 3 in Tai Lake and 5 in Baiyangdian Lake. Carbamazepine posed ecological risk at all 20 sites, to which more attention should be paid in the future. Based on results of the JPCs, sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, diethyltoluamide, and carbamazepine were categorized as high or intermediate risk. Conclusion: Occurrences and distributions of PPCPs were different in the two lakes. Multiple-level risk assessment from simple to more complex was appropriate in chemical risk management.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distributions and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in groundwater in North China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-924
Author(s):  
Jin Wu ◽  
Jingchao Liu ◽  
Zenghui Pan ◽  
Boxin Wang ◽  
Dasheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
North China ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Effective Protection

Abstract The contamination of surface water by pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has attracted widespread attention, but data regarding their impacts on groundwater (GW) are sparse. In river–GW interaction areas, rivers are likely an important source of PPCPs in aquifers, especially rivers impacted by sewage treatment plant effluent. Understanding the characterization, transport, and risk is valuable for the effective protection of vital aquatic ecosystem services, environmental health, and drinking water supplies. To attain this objective, statistics with spatial analysis and ecological risk were used to assess the effects of artificial recharge (AR) engineering on 16 PPCPs in aquifers in North China. The results indicated that 15 PPCPs were detected in unconfined and confined aquifers, with a few PPCPs being detected up to 1,000 ng/L. The most frequently detected PPCPs were sulfisoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and ibuprofen. In addition, the spatial and seasonal variations in most PPCPs were significant. Furthermore, the maximum concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentrations to evaluate the ecological risk, and four PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. This study highlights that AR engineering has a significant ecological effect on GW.

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