How to investigate human health effects related to exposure to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review of statistical methods

Introduction: Polymer products have become inexpensive, convenient and widely used in all spheres of everyday life recently. Microplastics are found in seawater, wastewater, fresh water, foodstuffs, and air. Over the past few years, the presence of microplastics in treated tap and bottled water has been reported, raising questions and concerns about their potential human health effects. Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of studying health effects of exposure to microplastics in potable water. Materials and methods: A literature review was done based on ten topical articles and reviews published in 2014–2021 out of 64 sources found in the PubMed and Scopus international databases and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Results and conclusions: Generalization and systematization of the published research data demonstrated the lack of strong evidence to draw conclusions about human health effects of microplastics. Information on toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of ingested microplastic particles is absent just like the studies of the most common shapes and sizes of plastic particles and health risks from exposure to such particles in drinking water.

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Human Health Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Dioxins and Health ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-1462-0_15 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 487-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

William J. Nicholson ◽

Philip J. Landrigan

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Effects ◽

Human Health Effects

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Chromium in the Canadian environment

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/a95-005 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 121-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerome O. Nriagu ◽

Abdul Kabir

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Health Effects ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Local Scale ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Chromium Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Threshold ◽

Environmental Media ◽

Human Health Effects

The widening use of chromium and its compounds by local industries has led to a growing concern about the effects of chromium contamination on the Canadian environment. This report summarizes the data on Canadian sources and the concentrations of chromium in air, water, sediments, soil, terrestrial wildlife and aquatic biota. It reviews what little is currently known about the cycling of chromium in Canadian ecoystems, and the need for measuring Cr(III) and Cr(VI) rather than total Cr in the environmental media is emphasized. The potential effects of elevated levels of chromium on plants, soil microorganisms, wildlife, and aquatic biota are discussed. The human health effects are not covered. The conclusion is reached that chromium pollution has become a threat to Canadian ecosystems, especially at the local scale where the ambient chromium concentrations in some surface waters, sediments, and soils are now close to or above the toxicity threshold for a number of the more sensistive organisms.Key words: chromium pollution, chromium toxicity, chromium chemistry, chromium emission, bioaccumulation of chromium.

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