Torsion of the appendix testis in undescended testes as a rare cause of groin swelling

Objective. The presence of testicular appendices was prospectively evaluated in 89 boys with 96 undescended testes who underwent orchidopexy over the period of 4 years.Results. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 42 boys with 49 undescended testes positioned close to the internal inguinal ring, and Group B included 47 boys with 47 undescended testes close to the external inguinal ring. The incidence of appendix testis (AT) in Group A was 57.1% (28 in 49) and 78.7% (37 in 47) in Group B. The results of our study showed significantly decreased incidence of testicular appendices in undescended testes positioned close to the internal inguinal ring compared with undescended testes positioned close to the external inguinal ring (p<0.05).Conclusion. AT may play a role in normal testicular descent and the undescended testis positioned close to the external inguinal ring can be considered as a separate entity of the true congenital undescended testis.

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De Garengeot’s hernia with appendicitis—a rare cause of an acutely painful groin swelling

Journal of Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1093/jscr/rjz142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adam O’Connor ◽

Peter Asaad

Keyword(s):

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Hernia Repair ◽

Mesh Repair ◽

Vermiform Appendix ◽

Short Review ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Hernia Sac ◽

De Garengeot’S Hernia ◽

De Garengeot Hernia ◽

Groin Swelling

Abstract De Garengeot hernia is a rare subtype of femoral hernia whereby the vermiform appendix is located within the hernial sac. Even rarer is the presence of appendicitis within the hernia sac. De Garengeot’s hernia is difficult to diagnose pre-operatively and can prove technically difficult at operation particularly with regards to mobilization of the caecum and appendix in order to perform appendicectomy. Laparoscopic, open, with and without mesh repair of de Garengeot hernia have all been described in the literature with varying degrees of success. We present a case of an 82 year old lady presenting with an acutely painful right sided groin lump. CT scan revealed the presence of de Garengeot hernia with acute appendicitis. We describe in text and photo format our approach to the hernia repair, appendicectomy and provide a short review of the literature with regards to the different operative approaches to such a patient.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma of spermatic cord in a 65-year-old man presenting as a groin swelling

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2013-010499 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (jun24 2) ◽

pp. bcr2013010499-bcr2013010499

Author(s):

R. Prabhu ◽

A. Natarajan ◽

R. Shenoy ◽

K. Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Spermatic Cord ◽

Groin Swelling

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Association of antimullerian hormone with the size of the appendix testis, the androgen and estrogen receptors and their expression in the appendix testis, in congenital cryptorchidism

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2021-0240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Xenophon Sinopidis ◽

Eirini Kostopoulou ◽

Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽

Antonios Panagidis ◽

Eleni Kourea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Testicular Descent ◽

Antimullerian Hormone ◽

Mullerian Ducts ◽

Score Method ◽

Antimüllerian Hormone ◽

Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽

Appendix Testis

Abstract Objectives Antimullerian hormone (AMH) causes regression of the mullerian ducts in the male fetus. The appendix testis (AT) is a vestigial remnant of mullerian duct origin, containing both androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors. The role of both AMH and AT in testicular descent is yet to be studied. We investigated the possible association of AMH with AT size, the AR and ER, and their expression in the AT, in congenital cryptorchidism. Methods A total of 26 patients with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism and 26 controls with orthotopic testes were investigated, and 21 ATs were identified in each group. AMH and insulin-like three hormone (INSL3) concentrations were measured with spectrophotometry. AR and ER receptor expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies R441 for AR and MAB463 for ER. For the estimation of receptor expression, the Allred Score method was used. Results AMH concentrations did not present significant differences between patients with congenital cryptorchidism and the controls. Also, no correlation was found between AMH, INSL3, and AT length. Allred scores did not present significant differences. However, expression percentiles and intensity for both receptors presented significant differences. Three children with cryptorchidism and the highest AMH levels also had the highest estrogen receptor scores in the AT. Conclusions No association was found between AMH and the studied major parameters. However, higher AMH concentrations, in combination with higher estrogen receptor scores in the AT, may play a role in cryptorchidism in some children. Larger population samples are needed to verify this observation.

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