Is cheap gasoline killing us? Fuel subsidies and under-taxation as a driver of obesity and public health problems worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 102316
Author(s):  
Jeff D. Colgan ◽  
Miriam Hinthorn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fuel Subsidies

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

Identifying Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Health Preparedness in Africa: Analysing Trends in Six African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4672
Author(s):  
Samuel Kwasi Opoku ◽  
Walter Leal Filho ◽  
Fudjumdjum Hubert ◽  
Oluwabunmi Adejumo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
African Countries

Climate change is a global problem, which affects the various geographical regions at different levels. It is also associated with a wide range of human health problems, which pose a burden to health systems, especially in regions such as Africa. Indeed, across the African continent public health systems are under severe pressure, partly due to their fragile socioeconomic conditions. This paper reports on a cross-sectional study in six African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Namibia, Ethiopia, and Kenya) aimed at assessing their vulnerabilities to climate change, focusing on its impacts on human health. The study evaluated the levels of information, knowledge, and perceptions of public health professionals. It also examined the health systems’ preparedness to cope with these health hazards, the available resources, and those needed to build resilience to the country’s vulnerable population, as perceived by health professionals. The results revealed that 63.1% of the total respondents reported that climate change had been extensively experienced in the past years, while 32% claimed that the sampled countries had experienced them to some extent. Nigerian respondents recorded the highest levels (67.7%), followed by Kenya with 66.6%. South Africa had the lowest level of impact as perceived by the respondents (50.0%) when compared with the other sampled countries. All respondents from Ghana and Namibia reported that health problems caused by climate change are common in the two countries. As perceived by the health professionals, the inadequate resources reiterate the need for infrastructural resources, medical equipment, emergency response resources, and technical support. The study’s recommendations include the need to improve current policies at all levels (i.e., national, regional, and local) on climate change and public health and to strengthen health professionals’ skills. Improving the basic knowledge of health institutions to better respond to a changing climate is also recommended. The study provides valuable insights which may be helpful to other nations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Public health problems in the medieval statutes of Vinodol, Vrbnik and Senj (West Croatia)

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Josip Azman ◽  
A. Muzur ◽  
V. Frkovic ◽  
H. Pavletic ◽  
A. Prunk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems

scholarly journals Climate-related migration and population health: social science-oriented dynamic simulation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Reuveny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model

Abstract Background Social science models find the ecological impacts of climate change (EICC) contribute to internal migration in developing countries and, less so, international migration. Projections expect massive climate-related migration in this century. Nascent research calls to study health, migration, population, and armed conflict potential together, accounting for EICC and other factors. System science offers a way: develop a dynamic simulation model (DSM). We aim to validate the feasibility and usefulness of a pilot DSM intended to serve as a proof-of-concept and a basis for identifying model extensions to make it less simplified and more realistic. Methods Studies have separately examined essential parts. Our DSM integrates their results and computes composites of health problems (HP), health care (HC), non-EICC environmental health problems (EP), and environmental health services (ES) by origin site and by immigrants and natives in a destination site, and conflict risk and intensity per area. The exogenous variables include composites of EICC, sociopolitical, economic, and other factors. We simulate the model for synthetic input values and conduct sensitivity analyses. Results The simulation results refer to generic origin and destination sites anywhere on Earth. The effects’ sizes are likely inaccurate from a real-world view, as our input values are synthetic. Their signs and dynamics are plausible, internally consistent, and, like the sizes, respond logically in sensitivity analyses. Climate migration may harm public health in a host area even with perfect HC/ES qualities and full access; and no HP spillovers across groups, conflict, EICC, and EP. Deviations from these conditions may worsen everyone’s health. We consider adaptation options. Conclusions This work shows we can start developing DSMs to understand climate migration and public health by examining each case with its own inputs. Validation of our pilot model suggests we can use it as intended. We lay a path to making it more realistic for policy analysis.

TOTAL VOLUME OF MEDICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF EIGHT STATES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
WARREN R. SISSON ◽  
KATHERINE BAIN ◽  
ROLLO H. BRITTEN ◽  
MARYLAND Y. PENNELL ◽  
JOHN P. HUBBARD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Executive Staff ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Studies

AN ASSIGNMENT has been given to me to present the first official results of the Study of Child Health Services, instituted by the Academy and executed by the Academy with the cooperation of the U. S. Public Health Service and the U. S. Children's Bureau. The paper which I am to read represents the results of work by you and compiled by your Executive Staff of the Study. One would like to conjecture how the future historian of the Academy will evaluate the transactions of this afternoon's session. Certainly this meeting marks a milestone in that it represents an awareness of public health problems, especially those of children, which have never before been so intimately studied. Furthermore, it is noteworthy because of the actual achievement of an investigation of a scope never previously paralleled by a group of physicians. Also the Study has revealed that, with common objectives, groups of physicians in private practice and those from the ranks of academic circles, along with personnel from established governmental bureaus, can work effectively together. It should be reiterated that the Study could not have been accomplished by us as a group of physicians alone nor by any existing governmental department. The two cooperating federal agencies, the U. S. Public Health Service and the U. S. Children's Bureau, have trained personnel with interest and experience in public health problems and in the conduct of large-scale statistical studies. The Academy, on its part, has first-hand experience in medical service and an intimate knowledge of those who are rendering service to children, and through its various members has been able to impart knowledge which otherwise would not have been available.

scholarly journals The Importance of Policy Change for Addressing Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9S-14S ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshia M. Pollack Porter ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Emma E. McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Health Problems
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