scholarly journals Removal of pesticide residues from beeswax using a methanol extraction-based procedure: A pilot-scale study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101606
Author(s):  
Alba Luna ◽  
Raúl Alonso ◽  
Víctor M. Cutillas ◽  
Carmen M. Ferrer ◽  
M.J. Gómez-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methanol Extraction

Reduction of insecticide residues in grain dust by treatment with alkali

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Desmarchelier ◽  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Grain Dust ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stock Feed

A series of laboratory and pilot scale experiments was performed to reduce residues of dichlorvos and malathion in grain dust to levels below the maximum permitted for stock feed. Processing such as steaming or pelleting did not reduce pesticide residues sufficiently, but mixing grain dust with three alkaline materials, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or ammonia, reduced residues considerably and this reduction was increased by subsequent processing. Reduction of residues was greater from use of liquid rather than solid alkalis, from use of the stronger (sodium hydroxide) rather than from the weaker (sodium carbonate) base and was proportional to the amount of liquid sodium hydroxide or ammonia that was used. Alkaline materials reduced pesticide residues in possible stock feed combinations of grain dust plus straw and grain dust plus lucerne meal. As these results are consistent with general base-catalyzed hydrolysis of organophosphorus esters, there is probably scope for considerable variations in procedure by use of different alkalis and different exposure times to alkali. In commercial applications amounts of base required (2 per cent w/w) were less than those used to increase the food value of low-grade animal feed.

scholarly journals Approach Study for Mass Balance of Pesticide Residues in Distillers’ Stillage along with Distillate and Absence Verification of Pesticides in Distilled Spirits from Pilot-Scale of Distillation Column

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2572
Author(s):  
Jung-Ah Shin ◽  
Hoonho Cho ◽  
Dong-Woo Seo ◽  
Hee-Gon Jeong ◽  
Sung Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Distilled Spirits ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale

Herein, contaminants remaining in distillate and distillers’ stillage were quantitatively measured after distillation. After rice bran powder was contaminated with 10 ppm of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) or 0.02–1.27 ppm of five pesticides (terbufos, fenthion, iprobenfos, flutolanil, and ethoprophos) followed by fermentation, single-stage distillation was performed. In the obtained distillate, no Pb or Cd was found, as expected. However, when the pesticides were added as contaminants, trace–0.05 ppm of some pesticides were detected in the distillate, possibly due to the high vapor pressure (e.g., that of ethoprophos) and contamination amount (e.g., that of flutolanil, terbufos, and fenthion). In contrast, none of the contaminating pesticides were observed in the distilled spirits when a fermented liquefaction contaminated with 0.04–4 ppm of six pesticides (fenthion, terbufos, ethoprophos, iprobenfos, oxadiazon, and flutolanil) was distilled using a pilot-plant scale distillation column, indicating that the pesticides hardly migrate to the distilled spirits.

Upscaling of foam forming technology for pilot scale

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
JANI LEHMONEN ◽  
TIMO RANTANEN ◽  
KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Board Industry

The need for production cost savings and changes in the global paper and board industry during recent years have been constants. Changes in the global paper and board industry during past years have increased the need for more cost-efficient processes and production technologies. It is known that in paper and board production, foam typically leads to problems in the process rather than improvements in production efficiency. Foam forming technology, where foam is used as a carrier phase and a flowing medium, exploits the properties of dispersive foam. In this study, the possibility of applying foam forming technology to paper applications was investigated using a pilot scale paper forming environment modified for foam forming from conventional water forming. According to the results, the shape of jet-to-wire ratios was the same in both forming methods, but in the case of foam forming, the achieved scale of jet-to-wire ratio and MD/CD-ratio were wider and not behaving sensitively to shear changes in the forming section as a water forming process would. This kind of behavior would be beneficial when upscaling foam technology to the production scale. The dryness results after the forming section indicated the improvement in dewatering, especially when foam density was at the lowest level (i.e., air content was at the highest level). In addition, the dryness results after the pressing section indicated a faster increase in the dryness level as a function of foam density, with all density levels compared to the corresponding water formed sheets. According to the study, the bonding level of water- and foam-laid structures were at the same level when the highest wet pressing value was applied. The results of the study show that the strength loss often associated with foam forming can be compensated for successfully through wet pressing.

Application of a Pilot-Scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation system to OCC-Based Paper Mill Effluent

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-SHING PERNG ◽  
EUGENE I-CHEN WANG ◽  
SHIH-TSUNG YU ◽  
AN-YI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
True Color

Trends toward closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking often lead to a need for system modifications. We conducted a pilot-scale study using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the effluent of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill in order to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were a current density of 0–240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8–16 min, and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0–22 mg/L. Water quality indicators investigated were electrical con-ductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results were encouraging. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS, COD, and true color were 39.8%, 85.7%, 70.5%, and 97.1%, respectively (with an HRT of 16 min). The use of a coagulant enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. With an optimal dosage of 20 mg/L and a shortened HRT of 10 min, the highest removal achieved for the four water quality indicators were 37.7%, 88.7%, 74.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. The water qualities thus attained should be adequate to allow reuse of a substantial portion of the treated effluent as process water makeup in papermaking.

Pilot-scale combustion studies with kraft lignin in a powder burner and a CFB boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽  
PER TOMANI ◽  
HASSAN SALMAN ◽  
SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽  
LARS-ERIK ÅMAND
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.

CFD Validation of Mixing in Pilot-Scale Ladle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Harbers ◽  
D. van der Plas ◽  
A. Richardson ◽  
K. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cfd Validation
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