VIRTUALIZATION OF THE WORKPLACE OF THE OPERATOR OF THE STEAM GENERATOR OF THE CHP-1 KOTLAS PULP AND PAPER MILL

An approach to the implementation of the structure of a computer simulator for steam generator drivers BKZ-160-100F using virtualized workstations and control systems is de-scribed

The Changing Role of Maintenance in Physical Asset Management

Physical asset management (PAM) is an area with a growing role in the asset intensive industry. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the role of maintenance within PAM. For this purpose, a case study was conducted in a Slovenian organization. The results show that maintenance is recognized as part of PAM activities in the observed paper mill company. Furthermore, the results of the study show that the strongest involvement of maintenance in PAM-related tasks was found in the creation and maintenance of the maintenance management system and the least in the definition of key success factors for the asset system and the design of the asset system. In addition, the case study uncovered two main factors that have the greatest impact on the involvement of maintenance and its activities within PAM, namely leadership and knowledge management. This study is one of the few studies that aims to explore the role of maintenance within PAM, considering all life cycle phases of the asset system.

Algorithm of the calculation of technological for several objects of technological standardization

Цель исследования – разработка алгоритма расчета технологических показателей отдельно по видам выпускаемой продукции для интегрированного целлюлозно-бумажного комбината при сбросе сточных вод после очистки сточных вод на единых очистных сооружениях промышленных стоков. Использован балансовый метод расчёта значений масс загрязняющих веществ, образующихся на тонну выпускаемой продукции ЦБК на основе масс загрязняющих веществ, образующихся во вспомогательных технологических процессах, с учетом очистки сточных вод на общепроизводственных очистных сооружениях. Технологические показатели установлены отдельно для продукции, нормируемой по беленой или небеленой целлюлозе. Если фактические значения технологических показателей превысят значения технологических показателей НДТ, то необходимо разработать водоохранные мероприятия по достижению этих показателей и, до момента их достижения, оплачивать негативное воздействие на водные объекты со стократным повышающим коэффициентом. Разработан алгоритм и функциональные зависимости расчета технологических показателей для ЦБК, выпускающих продукцию, содержащую в композиции беленую и небеленую целлюлозу. Алгоритм рассмотрен на примере условного ЦБК, выпускающего первичные небелёные и беленые волокнистые полуфабрикаты и продукцию полного цикла. К первичным волокнистым полуфабрикатам небеленым отнесены: хвойная и лиственная целлюлоза, ТММ, ХТММ; к первичным волокнистым беленым полуфабрикатам отнесены: беленая хвойная и лиственная целлюлоза, БХТММ; к продукции полного цикла отнесены бумага, картон и продукция их переработки. Алгоритм расчета состоит из пяти этапов: 1 – построение балансовой схемы расчета технологических показателей; 2 – расчет технологических показателей для первичных волокнистых полуфабрикатов небеленых; 3 – расчет технологических показателей для первичных волокнистых полуфабрикатов беленых; 4 – расчет технологических показателей для продукции полного цикла; 5 – расчет значений технологических показателей для каждого вида продукции с учетом очистки на общепроизводственных очистных сооружениях. The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for calculating technological indicators separately by types of products for an integrated pulp and paper mill when discharging wastewater after wastewater treatment at unified industrial wastewater treatment plants. A balance method was used for calculating the values of the masses of pollutants formed per ton of output from the pulp and paper mill based on the masses of pollutants formed in auxiliary technological processes, taking into account wastewater treatment at general industrial treatment facilities. Technological indicators are set separately for products rated for bleached or unbleached pulp. If the actual values of technological indicators exceed the values of technological indicators BAT, then it is necessary to develop water protection measures to achieve these indicators and, until they are reached, to pay for the negative impact on water bodies with a hundredfold increasing coefficient. An algorithm and functional dependencies for calculating technological indicators for pulp and paper mills producing products containing bleached and unbleached cellulose in the composition have been developed. The algorithm is considered on the example of a conventional pulp and paper mill, which produces primary unbleached and bleached fibrous semi-finished products, and full-cycle products. Primary unbleached fibrous semi-finished products include: coniferous and deciduous cellulose, ТМP, CТМP; primary fibrous bleached semi-finished products include: bleached softwood and hardwood pulp, BCTMP; full cycle products include: paper, cardboard and their processing products. The calculation algorithm consists of five stages: 1 – building a balance sheet for calculating technological indicators; 2 – calculation of technological indicators for primary fibrous semi-finished products, unbleached; 3 – calculation of technological indicators for primary fibrous semi-finished products bleached; 4 – calculation of technological indicators for full cycle products; 5 – calculation of the values of technological indicators for each type of product, taking into account cleaning at general production treatment facilities.

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Paper Mill Effluent Waste Water

Aquatic ecosystem has been reported to be the universal sufferer of pollution caused by direct exposure of industrial discharges which causes severe genotoxic damages to aquatic flora and fauna. Researchers have found that fish have been extensively harmed by such exposure compared to other aquatic fauna. As living organisms directly depend on fish as a food resource, hence the study of mutagenicity induced have been extensively important not only for safety of aquatic organisms but also for safety of other living organisms too. Micronucleus (MN) assay has been continuously used in the evaluation of DNA damage. Mutagenic and genotoxic studies employed this methodology to evaluate possible carcinogenic risk due to exposure to harmful xenobiotics in including aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to monitor the level of genotoxicity induced in fishes due to exposure to local paper mill effluent by using micronucleus assay as a biomarker. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of PME as 10%, 25% and 50%. Variation of body weight, survivality rate and percentage of micronucleated PCEs were analyzed. One-way anova was performed and data were expressed as Mean± S.E. Consecutive dose dependent and time dependent increase of toxicity was recorded in PME compared to negative and positive control (Mitomycin C). Our study supported the carcinogenic and chromosomal damage induced in aquatic organisms specially in fishes due to direct exposure of industrial discharges; also, the importance of MN test as an effective indicator for testing genotoxicity in fishes was confirmed.

Compost Based on Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge, Fruit-Vegetable Waste, Mushroom Spent Substrate and Rye Straw Improves Yield and Nutritional Value of Tomato

Plant biomass in the form of waste materials and by-products from various industries can be a valuable material for the production of composts and growing media for urban gardening. In this study, pulp and paper mill sludge, fruit-vegetable waste, mushroom spent substrate and rye straw were used to produce compost that was further used as a medium component in container cultivation of tomato. The plants were grown in containers with a capacity of 3 dm3 filled with three types of compost-based growing media supplemented with high peat, fen peat, pine bark and wood fiber. The tomato plants grown in 100% peat substrate served as controls. The plants grown in the compost-enriched media had a higher leaf greening index and percentage of ripe fruit, and exhibited an increased content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, potassium, calcium, magnesium and copper in fruit as compared with the control. The tomatoes grown in a medium consisting of 25% compost, 30% high peat, 15% low peat, 20% pine bark and 10% wood fiber reached the highest fresh fruit weight, total polyphenol content and L-ascorbic acid levels. This study demonstrated that the compost produced from natural materials from various sources was a valuable potting medium supplement with positive effects on tomato yield and nutritional value.

Influence of Environmental Factors on Urban and Architectural Design—Example of a Former Paper Mill in Nanterre

Biophilic design is developed in urban planning concepts for cities—in line with sustainable development. A case study of converting a former paper mill in Nanterre into a university campus showed what factors influence the emergence of the biophilic form. The research informs the planning and design mechanisms and directs attention to the process. As a result, the study demonstrates that biophilic elements from the place-based pattern group are directly related to in-depth environmental analysis—similar to elements from the nature-based and element-based pattern groups. Together they result in a biophilic form. The element of creation is also present in the design process but is not the primary determinant of the choice of a design approach. In part, the form is adapted to the area's environmental characteristics, which result from their interaction with objective determinants. Nevertheless, the implementation is not devoid of compositional, creative, and cultural elements—that is, it assumes the features of biophilic architecture. This fact proves that the environment can influence the creative potential in architecture and urban studies.