The Different Effect of Childhood Trauma on Amygdala and Hippocampus in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S92-S92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Janiri ◽  
P. De Rossi ◽  
A. Simonetti ◽  
G. Spalletta ◽  
G. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionChildhood trauma (CT) is a relevant environmental stressor for bipolar disorder (BP). Amygdala and hippocampus are key areas involved both in the pathophysiology of BP and in mediating the biological response to stress.ObjectivesStructural neuroimaging studies help clarifying neural correlates of the relationship between BP diagnosis and CT.AimsTo verify the impact of CT on amygdala and hippocampus and hippocampal subfields volumes in BP patients and healthy control (HC).MethodsWe assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with BPI or BPII according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and 113 HC subjects. History of CT was obtained using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus and hippocampal subfields were measured through FreeSurfer.ResultsAll deep gray matter structures were smaller in BP than HC. CT modulated the impact of the diagnosis on bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, in particular on subiculum, presubiculum and cornu ammonis CA1. It was associated with bilateral decreased volumes in HC and increased volumes in patients with BP.ConclusionsChildhood trauma impacts on the amygdala and hippocampus, brain areas involved in response to stress and emotion processing, and specifically on the hippocampal subfields most implicated in learning trough positive/negative reinforcement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Impact of Depressive Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences on Quality of Life in Adults With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swantje Matthies ◽  
Chiharu Sadohara-Bannwarth ◽  
Sebastian Lehnhart ◽  
Jan Schulte-Maeter ◽  
Alexandra Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Objective: We assessed factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in adults with ADHD. Method: QoL, traumatic childhood experiences, and depression were assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively, in 60 adult ADHD outpatients and 60 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: Emotional neglect or abuse had occurred significantly more often during childhood in adults with ADHD. Depressive symptoms were rated significantly higher by ADHD patients. QoL was significantly lower in adults with ADHD, and the variables depression, ADHD symptom severity, and traumatic load, accounted for ~60% of variance in overall QoL. Conclusion: QoL is significantly reduced in adult ADHD patients. Depressive symptoms and traumatic childhood experiences influence QoL. Treatment for adult ADHD patients should take the high interdependence of depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and QoL into consideration.

Deficits in Mentalization Predict Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Innamorati ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
P. Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue.ObjectivesMentalization is a form of imaginative mental activity about others or oneself that may shed light on the phenomenology of suicide.AimsTo assess the role of a number of variables in suicide risk.MethodsParticipants were 156 (73 men and 83 women) adult psychiatric inpatients (age range = 18/74 year). Most of the patients had a major mood disorder (26.3% BD-I, 3.2% BD-II, and 11.5 MDD), psychosis (16.7%), or a schizoaffective disorder (20.5%). All the patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing diagnosis and suicide risk, and the Impact of event scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Some patients (18.6%) were admitted for a recent suicide attempt and 34.6% had attempted suicide in the past.ResultsAt the MINI, 44.9% of the patients resulted at a moderate to high risk of suicide, and 55.1% at no or low risk of suicide with no difference for sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and diagnosis, but they differed for mentalization and symptoms of intrusions and avoidance caused by a traumatic event. Groups also did not differ for self-reported childhood trauma. Only mentalization was independently associated with higher suicide risk, and patients with moderate to severe risk of suicide were 1.7 times more likely to report more mentalization deficits than those with no or low risk of suicide.ConclusionsOur study supports the notion that the investigation of mentalization among patients may help in proper assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Developing Bipolar Disorder: Current Understanding and Ensuring Continued Progress

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 3095-3115
Author(s):  
Yann Quidé ◽  
Leonardo Tozzi ◽  
Mark Corcoran ◽  
Dara M Cannon ◽  
Maria R Dauvermann
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Initial evidence for sex-specific effects of early emotional abuse on affective processing in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Russo ◽  
R. Proujansky ◽  
A. Gilbert ◽  
R.J. Braga ◽  
K.E. Burdick
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the effect of sex and childhood trauma on affective processing in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients.MethodsIn a sample of fifty-six BPD patients, we administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Affective Go/No-Go (AGNG) to measure affective processing. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of sex and childhood trauma on IGT; Repeated-Measures ANOVAs to measure accuracy and bias measures across conditions on the AGNG.ResultsIn the context of childhood abuse, females evidenced a more conservative cognitive style than males by selecting fewer cards from the disadvantageous decks [F(1, 49) = 14.218;P< 0.001] and showed an improvement throughout the task, as noted in a normal learning curve [F(1.49) = 4.385;P= 0.041)]. For the AGNG, an interaction specific to the negative valence stimuli on response bias measures was found. Abused females scored higher (mean = 8.38; SD = 6.39) than abused males (mean = 0.69; SD = 1.19) [F(1.46) = 6.348;P= 0.015].ConclusionSeverity of childhood trauma was significantly different between sexes. In the context of a history of emotional abuse, male bipolar patients tended toward a more risk-taking behavior compared to female. Further investigations are needed to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this interaction.

The association between childhood trauma and facial emotion recognition in patients with stable schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S372-S372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mrizak ◽  
A. Arous ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Aissa ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe impairment of facial emotion recognition (FER) among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is a significant feature of the illness. Childhood trauma (CT) is reported with a high prevalence in SCZ and is considered one of its risk factors.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between FER and CT in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessing five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). They also completed a newly developed and validated FER task constructed from photographs of the face of a famous Tunisian actress and evaluating the ability to correctly identify Ekman's six basic facial emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, fear and surprise).ResultsPatients with higher scores of CT performed significantly worse in FER task. Our results suggest that the presence of sexual abuse is specifically correlated to a poor identification of anger (P = 0.02) and disgust (P = 0.03) while the presence of emotional abuse and physical neglect are correlated to a poor identification of happiness and sadness.ConclusionsCT may represent one of the causes of the FER deficits in schizophrenia. Further studies are necessary to confirm the link between specific kinds of childhood trauma and deficits in the recognition of discrete emotions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Stress Response Pathways in Dairy Cattle: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Md. Zakirul Islam ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Khandakar ◽  
Md. Harun-ur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Shohel Rana Siddiki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Impact

Stress is an external event or condition that places a strain on a biological system. The animal response to stress involves the expenditure of energy to remove or reduce the impact of stress. This increases the maintenance requirements of the animal and results in loss of production. The biological response to stress is divided into acute and chronic phases, with the acute phase lasting hours to a few days, and the chronic phase lasting several days to weeks. The acute response is driven by homeostatic regulators of the nervous and endocrine systems and the chronic phase by homeorhetic regulators of the endocrine system. Both responses involve alterations in energy balance and metabolism. The thermal environment affects all animals and therefore represents the largest single stressor in animal production. Other types of stressors include housing conditions, overcrowding, social rank, disease, and toxic compounds. "Acclimation" to stress is a phenotypic response developed by the animal to an individual stressor within the environment. Acclimation is a homeorhetic process that takes several weeks to occur and occurs via homeorhetic, not homeostatic, mechanisms. It is a phenotypic change that disappears when the stress is removed. Milk yield and reproduction are extremely sensitive to stress because of the high energy and protein demands of lactation and the complexity of the reproductive process and multiple organs that are involved. Improvements in the protection of animals against stress require improved education of producers to recognize stress and methods for estimating the degree of stress on animals.

475. Gender Differences in the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Impulsive Behaviors and Suicide Attempts in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S193-S194
Author(s):  
Jair Soares ◽  
Fadwa Cazala ◽  
Isabelle E. Bauer ◽  
Danielle Spiker ◽  
Giovana Zunta-Soares
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Mood disorder in epilepsy: A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S337-S337
Author(s):  
R.A. Baena ◽  
I. Mesián ◽  
L. Mendoza ◽  
Y. Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Psychiatric Problem ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionA lot of studies have described that up to 50% of patients with epilepsy develop psychiatric disorders: depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms. We can classify these symptoms according to how they relate in time to seizure occurrence, i.e. pre-ictal/prodromal, ictal, post-ictal or inter-ictal. In this case, we have a 76 years old woman that develops a maniac-episode previously that she has an episode.ObjectivesMake a review about the prevalence, risk factors of psychiatric problem in epilepsy (biological, psychosocial and iatrogenic) and report of clinical case.MethodsReview the bi-directional associations between epilepsy and bipolar disorder (epidemiological links, evidence for shared etiology, and the impact of these disorders) with a integrated clinical approach.ResultsTheoretically, epilepsy and bipolar disorder share an important number of clinical and neurobiological features. Classic neuropsychiatric literature focused on major depression with data on bipolar disorder remains limited. However, actually there are many evidences that mood instability, mixed irritability even mania is not uncommon in patients with epilepsy.ConclusionsIt is important develop more sensitive and specific screening instruments to identify mood disorder in epilepsy's patients. Future research becomes decisive for a better understanding of the similarities between epilepsy and BD, and the treatment of both.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Genome wide association study of hippocampal subfield volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Melanie E. Garrett ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevens ◽  
Emily Clarke ◽  
Courtney C. Haswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Cornu Ammonis

ABSTRACTBehavioral, structural, and functional neuroimaging have implicated the hippocampus as a critical brain region in PTSD pathogenesis. We conducted a GWAS of hippocampal subfield volumes in a sample of recent military veteran trauma survivors (n=157), including some with PTSD (n=66). Covariates in our analysis included lifetime PTSD diagnosis, sex, intracranial volume, genomic estimates of ancestry, and childhood trauma. Interactions between genetic variants and lifetime PTSD or childhood trauma were interrogated for SNPs with significant main effects. Several genetic associations surpassed correction for multiple testing for several hippocampal subfields, including fimbria, subiculum, cornu ammonis-1(CA1), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (HATA). One association replicated in an independent cohort of civilians with PTSD (rs12880795 in TUNAR with L-HATA volume, p=3.43 × 10-7 in the discovery and p=0.0004 in the replication cohort). However, the most significant association in the discovery data set was between rs6906714 in LINC02571 and R-fimbria volume (p=5.99 ×10-8, q=0.0056). Interestingly, the effect of rs6906714 on R-fimbria volume increased with childhood trauma (G*E interaction p=0.022). In addition to variants in long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), we identified SNPs associated with hippocampal subfield volume, which are also quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for genes involved in RNA editing of glutamate receptor subunits (GluRs), oxidative stress, and autoimmune disorders. Genomic regions, some with putative regulatory roles, influence the volume of hippocampal subfields. Neuroimaging phenotypes may offer important insight into the genetic architecture and neurobiological pathways relevant to PTSD, as well as in the identification of potential biomarkers and drug targets for PTSD.

scholarly journals Emotional dysregulation mediates the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress: First Italian data during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742199880
Author(s):  
Delfina Janiri ◽  
Lorenzo Moccia ◽  
Luigi Dattoli ◽  
Maria Pepe ◽  
Marzia Molinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
The Impact

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents an unprecedented traumatic stressor to mental health. Psychological distress is considered a reliable proxy for psychopathology and can be negatively influenced by childhood trauma through sensitization effects. Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as a potential mediator of this mechanism. We aimed to test this hypothesis in a national Italian sample assessed in the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Methods: We investigated the relationship between psychological distress and childhood trauma in 500 healthy participants assessed through a survey-based study, after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown in Italy. Levels of psychological distress and history of childhood trauma were obtained using the Kessler-10 (K10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. We used bootstrapped mediation analysis to test the mediator role of emotional dysregulation, measured through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, on the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress. Results: In total, 190 (38%) reported psychological distress related to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Individuals with psychological distress experienced more childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse ( F = 23.51, df = 1, p < 0.001) and neglect ( F = 10.98, df = 1, p = 0.001). After modelling the effect of emotional dysregulation, the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress resulted in indirect effects and mediated by deficits in emotion regulation mechanisms (bootstrapped lower level of confidence interval = 0.345, upper level of confidence interval = 0.598). Conclusion: Childhood trauma is associated with increased vulnerability to the stressful effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Our data suggest that emotional dysregulation may represent a dimension mediating the impact of childhood trauma on coronavirus disease 2019-related psychological distress and may be considered as specific target for interventions aiming at empowering resilience.

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