Visibility over Indian airports during winter season

Visibility plays a key role at the time of landing and take off operations at airports. The daily visibility data from 1969 onwards for 25 stations in the country (at 2100, 0000, 0300 and 0600 UTC) are examined for the winter period. Side by side the dry bulb temperatures and the relative humidity recorded at the same time are also examined. Linear trend regressions have been fitted on the data sets for each of the cities. The significance is tested at 99% level of confidence. In recent years, degradation of air quality in the cities has often been suggested as the cause for the increase in the number of poor visibility days <2000 meters) particularly in the morning hours. Continuous persistence of this phenomenon for a number of days has also been reported. The results show that there are decreasing trends in visibility at most of the stations. At 0300 UTC the visibility is generally low and increased afterwards due to mixing and turbulence in the boundary layer.

Crowded Probabilities in Tests for the Presence of Infection

In the presentation, problems have been addressed in perception and popular delusions in the interpretation of information related to the level of confidence / uncertainty of tests by which the presence or absence of contamination is verified. The theoretical essence of the probabilities of a false positive and false negative result, as well as the level of confidence / uncertainty of the test results and on this basis there are assumptions about the perception of such information and possible misconceptions in its interpretation by society. Assumptions made are checked on the information based on a non-reporting survey. The results obtained reveal user difficulties in rationalizing and interpreting the data provided as well as when detecting logical links characteristic of such information.

Study of Stress Level Contributing To the Superstitious Behavior

In this research, researcher studied the relation between stress and superstitious behavior. This study carried out in UP. To assess the level of stress, stress scale of M.Singh (2002) has been used and to assess superstitious behaviour self-constructed scale has been used. Chi square technique has been used for data analysis. The relation between stress level and superstitious behaviour is significant at 0.01 level of confidence. Hence, it has been concluded that high stress lead to high superstitious behaviour.

Trends in the frequency of cyclonic disturbances and their intensification over Indian seas

Trends in cyclonic disturbances for the period 1891-1997 were studied over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. It is noticed that there is a significant decreasing trend at 99% level of confidence in the frequency of storms. The slopes of decreasing trend in cyclonic activity over Bay of Bengal and that over Arabian Sea were found to be maximum during last four decades. Weakening of Hadley circulation due to upper tropospheric warming may be one of the cause of this decreasing trend. There appears to be decrease in intensification of cyclonic disturbances in recent period.

Belarus’ external debt in the context of the pandemic and ways to resolve it

The changes in the amount of the external debt of Belarus depending on various factors are analyzed. The study found that the consequences of the epidemic COVID-19 had a significant impact on the increase in the amount of external debt. In addition, political protests against the government have a special weight in the reasons for the growth of Belarus external debt, since their consequences significantly reduced the level of confidence on the part of foreign investors, which led to a fall in the ruble. The role of foreign countries as the main creditors in the external debt of Belarus, as well as in the economy of Belarus as a whole is examined, and the importance of the Belarusian friendship with Russia is considered. In conclusion, an assessment of the structure of the Belarusian economy and methods of its regulation is carried out, and then possible ways of settling the Belarusian debt are presented.

Estimation of a Minimum Allowable Structural Strength based on Uncertainty in Material Test Data

Three types of uncertainties exist in the estimation of the minimum fracture strength of a full-scale component or structure size. The first, to be called the “model selection uncertainty,” is in selecting a statistical distribution that best fits the laboratory test data. The second, to be called the “laboratory-scale strength uncertainty,” is in estimating model parameters of a specific distribution from which the minimum failure strength of a material at a certain confidence level is estimated using the laboratory test data. To extrapolate the laboratory-scale strength prediction to that of a full-scale component, a third uncertainty exists that can be called the “full-scale strength uncertainty.” In this paper, we develop a three-step approach to estimating the minimum strength of a full-scale component using two metrics: One metric is based on six goodness-of-fit and parameter-estimation-method criteria, and the second metric is based on the uncertainty quantification of the so-called A-basis design allowable (99 % coverage at 95 % level of confidence) of the full-scale component. The three steps of our approach are: (1) Find the “best” model for the sample data from a list of five candidates, namely, normal, two-parameter Weibull, three-parameter Weibull, two-parameter lognormal, and three-parameter lognormal. (2) For each model, estimate (2a) the parameters of that model with uncertainty using the sample data, and (2b) the minimum strength at the laboratory scale at 95 % level of confidence. (3) Introduce the concept of “coverage” and estimate the full-scale allowable minimum strength of the component at 95 % level of confidence for two types of coverages commonly used in the aerospace industry, namely, 99 % (A-basis for critical parts) and 90 % (B-basis for less critical parts). This uncertainty-based approach is novel in all three steps: In step-1 we use a composite goodness-of-fit metric to rank and select the “best” distribution, in step-2 we introduce uncertainty quantification in estimating the parameters of each distribution, and in step-3 we introduce the concept of an uncertainty metric based on the estimates of the upper and lower tolerance limits of the so-called A-basis design allowable minimum strength. To illustrate the applicability of this uncertainty-based approach to a diverse group of data, we present results of our analysis for six sets of laboratory failure strength data from four engineering materials. A discussion of the significance and limitations of this approach and some concluding remarks are included.

The educational needs of Canadian homeless shelter workers related to traumatic brain injury

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a higher prevalence in the homeless population. Caregivers to individuals who have TBIs may require better education surrounding screening, diagnosis and management of this disease to tailor interventions to their clients’ needs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the insight and educational needs of homeless care providers in recognizing and dealing with clients who had experienced a TBI. METHODS: A survey assessing the point of views of homeless care providers across Canada regarding their level of confidence in identifying and managing symptoms of TBI. RESULTS: Eight-eight completed surveys were included. Overall, frontline workers expressed a moderate level of confidence in identifying and managing TBI, stating that educational initiatives in this context would be of high value to themselves and their clients. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline workers to homeless clients rate their educational needs on the identification and management of TBI to be high such that educational initiatives for shelter workers across Canada may be beneficial to increase their knowledge in identifying and managing the TBI-related symptoms. Improved education would not only benefit frontline workers but may also have a positive effect on health outcomes for their clients.

A Comparison Survey of Paramedic Level of Confidence in Handling Paediatric Versus Adult Patients- Riyadh City

Background:Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is a national network of prehospital services coordinated to provide aid and medical assistance to pediatric and adult patients. Studies indicate that a paramedic’s level of confidence in handling an adult patient is higher than that in handling a paediatric patient. The study objective is to explore paramedics’ levels of confidence in handling pediatric patients as compared to that in handling adult patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method:A cross-sectional study targeted paramedics in different institutions in the city of Riyadh after , a self-administered questionnaire were used to measure level of confidence in handling adult compared to pediatric in different given clinical scenarios using five point Likert scaleResults:A total of 144 participants completed the survey, with a response rate of 90%. Of these, 91.7% were male, 42.4% worked in pre-hospital care, and 43.8% worked in-hospital station. The sample was comprised of both paramedics who obtained their qualifications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (53.5%) and those who obtained their qualifications outside the KSA (46.5%). Across the sample, 97% were confident in handling adults, while 78.5% were confident in handling paediatric patients. The paramedics’ levels of confidence in handling adult and paediatric patients were compared in terms of ten specific conditions and skills using a five-point Likert scale, where a set score based on response of 10 was the minimum and 50 was the maximum. The difference in confidence level with paediatric (median = 36, IQR: 29,39) and adult (Median= 47, IQR: 42,50) patients was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with international studies showing that paramedics are more confident in handling adult patients than pediatric patients. This study recommends the dissemination of its findings to stakeholders for advanced training in paediatric.

Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Keagamaan saat Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19

The environment in its various forms, both of physical and in the form of situation, can change humans to be good or vice versa. The environment can also be a stimulant for humans to do something they think is good. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the environment around humans is in a state filled with anxiety. There are at least two main causes: 1) news of death that he hears all the time and 2) uncertainty about the end of this pandemic. Coupled with the government's policies for Work from Home (WfH) and Large-Scale Social Restrictions. it makes the community even more burdened. This research method and approach uses a descriptive qualitative approach and is expected to provide an overview of student religious behavior in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the type of research is qualitative. Approach research used is a cross sectional studies approach, because this research is carried out at a certain time. Data collection techniques are generally carried out through the submission of a series of questions (questionaries) after which interviews (interviews) will be conducted to several respondents, both structured and unstructured. Presentation of data and submission of reports is done through descriptive method The level of confidence in students' faith in the Covid-19 period when in online learning activities (WFH) showed a very high value reaching a percentage of 99.7%, a high level of confidence increased Muslim students' trust in Allah SWT. In the face of covid-19, Muslim students to be more calm in doing dhikr to Allah SWT reached 70.9% and to actualize Islamic religious values, the majority of students made donations to those affected by covid-19 reaching 33.95% - 68.4%, this is the condition of students Muslims in dealing with Covid-19 psychologically prioritize religious spiritual values. Keyword : Actualization of Religious Values, Islamic Behavior of Students, Overcoming the Covid-19

EEG education in Brazil: a national survey of adult neurology residents

ABSTRACT Background: In light of the established challenges of resident EEG education worldwide, we sought to better understand the current state of neurology resident EEG education in Brazil. Objective: To define Brazilian EEG practices including in-residency requirements for EEG training and competency. Methods: We assessed the perspectives of adult residents (PGY1-3) on EEG education and their level of confidence interpreting EEG with a 24-question online survey. Results: We analyzed 102 responses from 52 Brazilian neurology residency programs distributed in 14 states. There were 18 PGY1s, 45 PGY2s, and 39 PGY3s. Ninety-six percent of participants reported that learning how to read EEG during residency was very or extremely important. The most commonly reported barriers to EEG education were insufficient EEG exposure (70%) and ineffective didactics (46%). Residents believed that standard EEG lectures were the most efficient EEG teaching method followed by interpreting EEG with attendings’ supervision. Roughly half of residents (45%) reported not being able to read EEG even with supervision, and approximately 70% of all participants did not feel confident writing an EEG report independently. Conclusion: Despite the well-established residency EEG education requirements recommended by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (ABN), there seems to be a significant lack of comfort interpreting EEG among Brazilian adult neurology residents. We encourage Brazilian neurology residency leadership to re-evaluate the current EEG education system in order to ensure that residency programs are following EEG education requirements and to assess whether EEG benchmarks require modifications.