Deficits in Mentalization Predict Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Innamorati ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
P. Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue.ObjectivesMentalization is a form of imaginative mental activity about others or oneself that may shed light on the phenomenology of suicide.AimsTo assess the role of a number of variables in suicide risk.MethodsParticipants were 156 (73 men and 83 women) adult psychiatric inpatients (age range = 18/74 year). Most of the patients had a major mood disorder (26.3% BD-I, 3.2% BD-II, and 11.5 MDD), psychosis (16.7%), or a schizoaffective disorder (20.5%). All the patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing diagnosis and suicide risk, and the Impact of event scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Some patients (18.6%) were admitted for a recent suicide attempt and 34.6% had attempted suicide in the past.ResultsAt the MINI, 44.9% of the patients resulted at a moderate to high risk of suicide, and 55.1% at no or low risk of suicide with no difference for sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and diagnosis, but they differed for mentalization and symptoms of intrusions and avoidance caused by a traumatic event. Groups also did not differ for self-reported childhood trauma. Only mentalization was independently associated with higher suicide risk, and patients with moderate to severe risk of suicide were 1.7 times more likely to report more mentalization deficits than those with no or low risk of suicide.ConclusionsOur study supports the notion that the investigation of mentalization among patients may help in proper assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals EMDR intervention after a disaster: The Morandi Bridge collapse

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fernandez ◽  
Chiara Callerame
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Survivors involved in natural or man-made disasters can develop a range of psychological problems including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, other forms of psychological distress, and a poor quality of life. Therefore, the principal focus of early psychological interventions, according to World Health Organization, is to provide a rapid and effective therapeutical approach like EMDR therapy. The EMDR approach enables the assimilation and integration of the various aspects of a traumatic experience at a somatic, sensorial, cognitive, behavioral and emotional level. In this article will be presented data of 47 patients collected after the partial collapse of Morandi bridge, in Genoa, in August 2018. Survivors were treated applying the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); in order to evaluate the effect of the traumatic event and to monitor the intervention outcome, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R) was administered to each person pre and after EMDR treatment. Results show that regardless the number of sessions and the time elapsed after the disaster in which they were performed, EMDR significantly reduced participants’ IES-R scores from pre-treatment to posttreatment. Clinical implications and limits of the study will be discussed.

Comparative Analysis of the Japanese Version of the Revised Impact of Event Scale: A Study of Firefighters

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. s20-s26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Job Stressors ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction:The Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) has been used in various epidemiological studies to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies using the IES-R Japanese version to assess the mental health of firefighters were based on the premise that firefighters had experienced a traumatic event(s) as a matter of course. However, use of the IES-R-J does not indicate whether or not a traumatic event was experienced. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between: (1) IES-R-J high and low score groups; and (2) those who report symptoms similar to those of PTSD with and without having been being exposed to a traumatic event.Methods:Questionnaire packets distributed to all 157 workers in a Japanese fire station included the IES-R, the Japan Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, a questionnaire regarding traumatic event experiences, and demographic questions. Participants who scored ≥25 points on the IES-R-J scale were defined as the PTSD high risk (HR) group; those with scores <25 points as the PTSD low risk (LR) group.Results:One hundred thirty-one of the 157 subjects (83.4%) responded to the questionnaire; three were excluded from the analysis because of missing data. The mean total IES-R-J score was 14.9 ±15.2. Twenty-eight subjects scored in the PTSD HR group (≥25); 100 scored in the LR group (<25). A total of 54 (42.2%) participants had experienced a traumatic event; 57.8% had not. In the HR group, 14 subjects had experienced a traumatic event and 14 had not. Participants who had experienced a traumatic event reported a higher incidence of intrusion/re-experience symptoms than did those who had not experienced a traumatic event. The level of social support significantly affected the risk for PTSD.Firefighters who scored ≥25 on the IES-R-J and, thus, considered to be at high risk for the development of PTSD, were less confident about their health, experienced more job stressors and had less social support than did those whose IES-R-J scores were <25. Having experienced a traumatic event was reported by only 42% of all the participants and by only 50% of those in the high risk PTSD group.Conclusions:Although the IES-R is an easily-administered tool useful in epidemiological studies evaluating psychological stress, it is recommended that the questionnaire be amended to include a question regarding the existence of a threatened experience or event and to analyze the data using positive and negative predictive value methodology.

scholarly journals Impact of Traumatic Events on University Students Belonging to FATA and Settled Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Sumaira Mehreen ◽  
Madiha Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of traumatic event on university students. In this study the students of settled area were compared with students of FATA on impact of event scale. Sample of N=200 university students belongs to settled area and FATA of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were taken from different universities. Students of settled area (n=100) included 49 male and 51 female students between the ages of 18 and 23 years (M=20.50, SD=1.24). And students of FATA (n=100) included 81 male and 19 female students between the ages of 19 and 23 years (M=20.58, SD=1.02). Convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. Responses of all the students were analyzed with statistical package of social sciences version 20. The findings of study indicated that the impact of event was high on students belongs to area directly affected by war (FATA) as compared to students of settled area. The level of stress among university students belongs to FATA was higher due to militancy and war in their areas. The results supported the main hypothesis. Further research studies are required to explore the other areas of FATA and to identify the other factors. Limitations of the study for future researches and practice were also discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tools to assess psychological distress: how to measure psychological stress reactions in citizen responders– a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tools to Assess Psychological Distress: How to Measure Psychological Stress Reactions in Citizen Responders– A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tools to Assess Psychological Distress: How to Measure Psychological Stress Reactions in Citizen Responders– A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rolin Kragh ◽  
Fredrik Folke ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Emma Slebsager Ries ◽  
Rasmus Vedby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dispatched citizen responders are increasingly involved in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation which can lead to severe stress. It is unknown which psychological assessment tools are most appropriate to evaluate psychological distress in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate existing assessment tools used to measure psychological distress with emphasis on citizen responders who attempted resuscitation. Methods A systematic literature search conducted by two reviewers was carried out in March 2018 and revised in July 2018. Four databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and The Social Sciences Citation Index. A total of 504 studies examining assessment tools to measure psychological distress reactions after acute traumatic events were identified, and 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the preferred assessment tools, and were used on diverse populations exposed to various traumatic events. One study included lay rescuers performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and this study used the IES. The IES and the IES-R also have proven a high validity in various other populations. The Clinical administered PTSD scale (CAPS) was applied in two studies. Though the CAPS is comparable to both the IES-R and the IES, the CAPS assess PTSD symptoms in general and not in relation to a specific experienced event, which makes the scale less suitable when measuring stress due to a specific resuscitation attempt. Conclusions The IES and the IES-R seem to be solid measures for psychological distress among people experiencing an acute psychological traumatic event. However, only one study has assessed psychological distress among citizen responders in OHCA for which the IES-R scale was used, and therefore, further research on this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals Offense Situation Experience as a Traumatic Event Among Adolescents Being in Conflict with the Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
A. Velikotskaya ◽  
K.D. Khlomov ◽  
S.N. Enikolopov ◽  
A. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Present article describes the results of the study of the experience of the situation of the offense by adolescents who have come into conflict with the law as a traumatic event. The study involved 129 adolescents 15-17 years. The target group included 31 15-16-year-olds on probation and 33 17-year-olds serving sentences in the Mozhaisk educational colony. The control group consisted of 32 teenagers 15 years 33 teenagers 17 and 32 students 21-23 years. The study carried out using the technique of Scale assessment of the impact of traumatic events (Impact of Event Scale-R, IES-R). The results obtained describe how adolescents, which committed a crime, perceive the situation of the offense, especially if it was associated with causing significant physical harm to a particular person. Adolescents serving sentences in a colony experience the most intense feelings about the situation of the offence, and their experiences are traumatic.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Orazem ◽  
Claire Hebenstreit ◽  
Daniel King ◽  
Lynda King ◽  
Arieh Shalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact

Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress in Persons Who Euthanize Nonhuman Animals in Surgeries, Animal Shelters, and Laboratories

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauleen Bennett ◽  
Vanessa Rohlf
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

AbstractThis study explored possible identification of Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress (PITS) in workers whose occupations required euthanizing nonhuman animals and determining whether event or person-related factors influenced symptoms. The sample included 148 animal workers: veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and research and animal shelter staff. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) assessed traumatic stress. Experimenters constructed additional scales measuring satisfaction with social support, participation in various types of training, and concern over animal death. More than 70% of participants reported affinity toward animals had strongly influenced their occupation selection. Half the sample perceived animal death—particularly euthanasia—as one of the least desirable jobs. Of the sample, 11% reported experiencing moderate levels of traumatic symptoms. The study found lower levels of euthanasia-related stress were associated with increased satisfaction with social support and length of time working with animals. Those who reported high levels of concern about animal death reported higher levels of euthanasia-related stress. The study found occupational context was not associated with different levels of euthanasia-related stress symptoms—even though reasons for administering euthanasia differed significantly between occupations.

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