scholarly journals Dopaminergic amacrine cell number, plexus density, and dopamine content in the mouse retina: Strain differences and effects of Bax gene disruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathangi Sankaran ◽  
Patrick W. Keeley ◽  
Li He ◽  
P. Michael Iuvone ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Bax Gene

scholarly journals Multiple Genes on Chromosome 7 Regulate Dopaminergic Amacrine Cell Number in the Mouse Retina

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Whitney ◽  
Mary A. Raven ◽  
Daniel C. Ciobanu ◽  
Robert W. Williams ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Multiple Genes

Bax gene disruption alters the epidermal response to ultraviolet irradiation and in vivo induced skin carcinogenesis

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cho ◽  
Maryse Delehedde ◽  
Julio Rodriguez-Villanueva ◽  
Shawn Brisbay ◽  
Timothy McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Bax Gene

Cat retinal ganglion cell receptive-field alterations after 6-hydroxydopamine induced dopaminergic amacrine cell lesions

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Maguire ◽  
E. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Endogenous Dopamine ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Optic tract single-unit recordings were used to study ganglion cell response functions of the intact cat eye after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning of the dopaminergic amacrine cell (AC) population of the inner retina. The impairment of the dopaminergic AC was verified by high pressure-liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection of endogenous dopamine content and by [3H]dopamine high-affinity uptake; the dopaminergic ACs of the treated eyes demonstrated reduced endogenous dopamine content and reduced [3H]dopamine uptake compared with that of their matched controls. Normal appearing [3H]GABA and [3H]-glycine uptake in the treated retinas suggests the absence of any nonspecific action of the 6-OHDA on the neural retina. The impairment of the dopaminergic AC population was found to alter a number of response properties in off-center ganglion cells, but this impairment had only a modest effect on the on-center cells. An abnormally high proportion of the off-center ganglion cells in the 6-OHDA treated eyes possessed nonlinear, Y-type receptive fields. These cells also possessed shift-responses of greater than normal amplitude, altered intensity-response functions, reduced maintained activities, and more transient center responses. Of the on-center type cells, only the Y-type on-center cells were affected by 6-OHDA, possessing higher than normal maintained activities and altered intensity-response functions. The on-center X-cells were unaffected by 6-OHDA treatment. The dopaminergic AC of the photopically adapted cat retina therefore modulates a number of ganglion cell response properties and within the limits of this study is most prominent in off-center ganglion cell circuitry. When functioning normally, the dopaminergic AC of the cat's retina appears to make the receptive field of the off-center cell more sustained and may make its spatial summation characteristics more linear while adjusting the intensitive properties of neurons in both the on- and off-center pathways.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Rod Bipolar Cell Number in the Mouse Retina

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda G. Kautzman ◽  
Patrick W. Keeley ◽  
Sarra Borhanian ◽  
Caroline R. Ackley ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mouse Retina

A novel type of interplexiform amacrine cell in the mouse retina

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Dedek ◽  
Tobias Breuninger ◽  
Luis Pérez de Sevilla Müller ◽  
Stephan Maxeiner ◽  
Konrad Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina

scholarly journals Regulation of retinal amacrine cell generation by miR-216b and Foxn3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanqing Zhang ◽  
Pei Zhuang ◽  
Ryan M. Welchko ◽  
Manhong Dai ◽  
Fan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Mammalian Retina ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Retinal Explants

AbstractThe mammalian retina contains a complex mixture of different types of neurons. We find that the microRNA miR-216b is preferentially expressed in postmitotic retinal amacrine cells in the mouse retina, and expression of miR-216a/b and miR-217 in the retina depend in part on Ptf1a, a transcription factor required for amacrine cell differentiation. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-216b, or the related miR-216a, can direct the formation of additional amacrine cells in the developing retina. In addition, we observe the loss of bipolar neurons in the retina after miR-216b expression. We identify the mRNA for the transcriptional regulator Foxn3 as a retinal target of miR-216b by Argonaute PAR-CLIP and reporter analysis. Inhibition of Foxn3 in the postnatal developing retina by RNAi also increases the formation of amacrine cells and reduces bipolar cell formation, while overexpression of Foxn3 inhibits amacrine cell formation prior to the expression of Ptf1a. Disruption of Foxn3 by CRISPR in embryonic retinal explants also reduces amacrine cell formation. Co-expression of Foxn3 can partially reverse the effects of ectopic miR-216b on retinal cell type formation. Our results identify Foxn3 as a novel regulator of interneuron formation in the developing retina and suggest that miR-216b likely regulates expression of Foxn3 and other genes in amacrine cells.

scholarly journals Regulation of retinal amacrine cell generation by miR-216b and Foxn3

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanqing Zhang ◽  
Pei Zhuang ◽  
Ryan M. Welchko ◽  
Manhong Dai ◽  
Fan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Retinal Explants

The mammalian retina contains a complex mixture of different types of neurons. We find that microRNA miR-216b is preferentially expressed in postmitotic retinal amacrine cells in the mouse retina, and expression of miR-216a/b and miR-217 in retina depend in part on Ptf1a, a transcription factor required for amacrine cell differentiation. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-216b directed the formation of additional amacrine cells and reduced bipolar neurons in the developing retina. We identify the Foxn3 mRNA as a retinal target of miR-216b by Argonaute PAR-CLIP and reporter analysis. Inhibition of Foxn3, a transcription factor, in the postnatal developing retina by RNAi increased the formation of amacrine cells and reduced bipolar cell formation. Foxn3 disruption by CRISPR in embryonic retinal explants also increased amacrine cell formation, while Foxn3 overexpression inhibited amacrine cell formation prior to Ptf1a expression. Co-expression of Foxn3 partially reversed the effects of ectopic miR-216b on retinal cell formation. Our results identify Foxn3 as a novel regulator of interneuron formation in the developing retina and suggest that miR-216b likely regulates Foxn3 and other genes in amacrine cells.

scholarly journals Computational and Molecular Properties of Starburst Amacrine Cell Synapses Differ With Postsynaptic Cell Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Pottackal ◽  
Joshua H. Singer ◽  
Jonathan B. Demb
Keyword(s):  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Presynaptic Neuron ◽  
Postsynaptic Cell ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Starburst Amacrine Cell

A presynaptic neuron can increase its computational capacity by transmitting functionally distinct signals to each of its postsynaptic cell types. To determine whether such computational specialization occurs over fine spatial scales within a neurite arbor, we investigated computation at output synapses of the starburst amacrine cell (SAC), a critical component of the classical direction-selective (DS) circuit in the retina. The SAC is a non-spiking interneuron that co-releases GABA and acetylcholine and forms closely spaced (<5 μm) inhibitory synapses onto two postsynaptic cell types: DS ganglion cells (DSGCs) and neighboring SACs. During dynamic optogenetic stimulation of SACs in mouse retina, whole-cell recordings of inhibitory postsynaptic currents revealed that GABAergic synapses onto DSGCs exhibit stronger low-pass filtering than those onto neighboring SACs. Computational analyses suggest that this filtering difference can be explained primarily by presynaptic properties, rather than those of the postsynaptic cells per se. Consistent with functionally diverse SAC presynapses, blockade of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels abolished GABAergic currents in SACs but only moderately reduced GABAergic and cholinergic currents in DSGCs. These results jointly demonstrate how specialization of synaptic outputs could enhance parallel processing in a compact interneuron over fine spatial scales. Moreover, the distinct transmission kinetics of GABAergic SAC synapses are poised to support the functional diversity of inhibition within DS circuitry.

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