Inter-observer agreement of the Wagner, University of Texas and PEDIS classification systems for the diabetic foot syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Bravo-Molina ◽  
José Patricio Linares-Palomino ◽  
Blanca Vera-Arroyo ◽  
Luis Miguel Salmerón-Febres ◽  
Eduardo Ros-Díe
2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682098654
Author(s):  
Chanika Alahakoon ◽  
Malindu Fernando ◽  
Charith Galappaththy ◽  
Peter Lazzarini ◽  
Joseph V. Moxon ◽  
...  

Introduction: The inter and intra-observer reproducibility of measuring the Wound Ischemia foot Infection (WIfI) score is unknown. The aims of this study were to compare the reproducibility, completion times and ability to predict 30-day amputation of the WIfI, University of Texas Wound Classification System (UTWCS), Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial Infection and Depth (SINBAD) and Wagner classifications systems using photographs of diabetes-related foot ulcers. Methods: Three trained observers independently scored the diabetes-related foot ulcers of 45 participants on two separate occasions using photographs. The inter- and intra-observer reproducibility were calculated using Krippendorff’s α. The completion times were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests. The ability of the scores to predict 30-day amputation rates were assessed using receiver operator characteristic curves and area under the curves. Results: There was excellent intra-observer agreement (α >0.900) and substantial agreement between observers (α=0.788) in WIfI scoring. There was moderate, substantial, or excellent agreement within the three observers (α>0.599 in all instances except one) and fair or moderate agreement between observers (α of UTWCS=0.306, α of SINBAD=0.516, α of Wagner=0.374) for the other three classification systems. The WIfI score took significantly longer ( P<.001) to complete compared to the other three scores (medians and inter quartile ranges of the WIfI, UTWCS, SINBAD, and Wagner being 1.00 [0.88-1.00], 0.75 [0.50-0.75], 0.50 [0.50-0.50], and 0.25 [0.25-0.50] minutes). None of the classifications were predictive of 30-day amputation ( P>.05 in all instances). Conclusion: The WIfI score can be completed with substantial agreement between trained observers but was not predictive of 30-day amputation.


2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cândida R Parisi ◽  
Denise E Zantut-Wittmann ◽  
Elizabeth J Pavin ◽  
Helymar Machado ◽  
Márcia Nery ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare three ulcer classification systems as predictors of the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers: the Wagner, the University of Texas (UT) and the size (area, depth), sepsis, arteriopathy, denervation system (S(AD)SAD) systems in a specialist clinic in Brazil.MethodsUlcer area, depth, appearance, infection and associated ischaemia and neuropathy were recorded in a consecutive series of 94 subjects. A novel score, the S(AD)SAD score, was derived from the sum of individual items of the S(AD)SAD system, and was evaluated. Follow-up was for at least 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of healing.ResultsMean age was 57.6 years; 57 (60.6%) were male. Forty-eight ulcers (51.1%) healed without surgery; 11 (12.2%) subjects underwent minor amputation. Significant differences in terms of healing were observed for depth (P=0.002), infection (P=0.006) and denervation (P=0.002) using the S(AD)SAD system, for UT grade (P=0.002) and stage (P=0.032) and for Wagner grades (P=0.002). Ulcers with an S(AD)SAD score of ≤9 (total possible 15) were 7.6 times more likely to heal than scores ≥10 (P<0.001).ConclusionsAll three systems predicted ulcer outcome. The S(AD)SAD score of ulcer severity could represent a useful addition to routine clinical practice. The association between outcome and ulcer depth confirms earlier reports. The association with infection was stronger than that reported from the centres in Europe or North America. The very strong association with neuropathy has only previously been observed in Tanzania. Studies designed to compare the outcome in different countries should adopt systems of classification, which are valid for the populations studied.


2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Vilius Petrėtis ◽  
Audrius Gradauskas ◽  
Jonas Činčikas

Vilius Petrėtis1, Audrius Gradauskas2, Jonas Činčikas11 Vilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Chirurgijos klinika,2 Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetoBendrosios medicinos praktikos ir slaugos katedra,Vilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Chirurgijos klinika,Antakalnio g. 57, LT-2040, VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Cukrinis diabetas ligoniui dabar nėra toks pavojingas, kaip šios ligos sukeltos komplikacijos. Viena jų yra diabetinės pėdos sindromas – pagrindinė cukriniu diabetu sergančių ligonių hospitalizavimo ir amputacijų priežastis. Nors yra labai daug ligonių, sergančių diabetinės pėdos sindromu, ir šis skaičius vis didėja, tačiau iki šiol nėra sukurtos vienodos diabetinės pėdos klasifikavimo sistemos. Viena iš priežasčių ta, kad šis sindromas turėtų būti vertinamas ir gydomas kelių klinikinių disciplinų specialistų: bendrojo chirurgo, kraujagyslių chirurgo, endokrinologo. Į šią problemą norėjome pažvelgti iš bendrojo chirurgo pozicijų. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti diabetinės pėdos epidemiologiją, suklasifikuoti diabetinę pėdą pagal tris klasifikavimo sistemas, paanalizuoti šių klasifikavimo sistemų pranašumus ir trūkumus, nustatyti cukrinio diabeto komplikacijų priklausomybę nuo įvairių epidemiologinių veiksnių bei cukrinio diabeto tipo, apžvelgti diabetinės pėdos sindromo simptomatiką. Metodai 1992–2002 metais Vilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Bendrosios chirurgijos skyriuje nuo diabetinės pėdos sindromo buvo gydomas 441 pacientas. Duomenys rinkti pildant tam tikros formos anketas. Rezultatai Iš 54,6% vyrų ir 45,4% moterų 85,7% sirgo II tipo ir 14,3% – I tipo cukriniu diabetu. Vyrų ir moterų santykis – 1,20. Dėl diabetinės pėdos sindromo hospitalizuoti ligoniai diabetu sirgo vidutiniškai 13,5±7,9 metų, o 2,9% ligonių diabetas hospitalizavimo metu buvo diagnozuotas pirmąkart. Vidutinis ligonių amžius – 63,8±11,7 metų. 32,9% ligonių hospitalizuoti dėl neuropatinės, 42,4%– dėl neuroischeminės ir 24,7% – dėl mišrios diabetinės pėdos. Tiriant sistemines diabeto komplikacijas, 29,0% ligonių diagnozuota nefropatija, 25,8% – retinopatija ir 4,5% – encefalopatija. Sisteminių diabeto komplikacijų nebuvo 56,9% ligonių. Vieną komplikaciją turėjo 29,0% ligonių, dvi – 12,5%, visas tris pirmiau minėtas sistemines komplikacijas – 1,6% ligonių. Dažniausiai dėl diabetinės pėdos sindromo hospitalizuojamiems ligoniams nustatomos kelios diagnozės: pūlynas – 88,5%, gangrena – 41,1%, pėdos kaulų osteomielitas – 29,8%, galūnės opa – 25,3% atvejų. Vidutinė hospitalizavimo dėl diabetinės pėdos sindromo trukmė yra 40,0±1,58 dienos. Pagrindinis simptomas, varginęs daugiau kaip 90% ligonių, buvo galūnės skausmas, per 70% ligonių skundėsi patinimu. Daugiau kaip pusei ligonių buvo pūliavimas, sutrikusi galūnės funkcija. Išvados Diabetinės pėdos tipas nepriklauso nuo cukrinio diabeto tipo ir paciento lyties. Cukraligės sisteminės komplikacijos – nefropatija, retinopatija, encefalopatija būdingesnės mišraus tipo diabetinės pėdos sindromu sergantiems ligoniams. Diabetinė nefropatija būdingesnė ligoniams, sergantiems I tipo cukralige. Dažniausiai hospitalizuotiems ligoniams nustatomos kelios diagnozės (pvz., galūnės gangrena, pūlynas ir opa). Diabetinė pėdos opa būdingesnė II tipo cukraligei, pėdos gangrena – neuroischeminio tipo diabetinės pėdos sindromui. Klasifikavimo sistema turėtų būti paprasta, tiksli, specifiška ir pritaikyta praktiniam darbui. Wagnerio klasifikavimo sistema galėtų būti taikoma pirminės sveikatos priežiūros grandyje, S(AD) SAD sistema labiau tiktų retrospektyviems tyrimams, o pagal Paprastąją stadijų nustatymo sistemą (Simple Staging System) turėtų būtų klasifikuojamos hospitalizuotų ligonių diabetinės pėdos. Prasminiai žodžiai: cukrinis diabetas, diabetinė pėda, epidemiologija, simptomatika, klasifikacija. Diabetic foot: epidemiology, classification, symptoms Vilius Petrėtis1, Audrius Gradauskas2, Jonas Činčikas1 Background / objective Diabetes mellitus for a patient is not as dangerous as its complications. One of these complications is diabetic foot syndrome which is the main reason for hospitalization and amputation among patients ill with diabetes mellitus. Although the number of patients ill with diabetic foot syndrome is rapidly increasing, there is no unified system of diabetic foot classification. One of the reasons is that this syndrome must be treated by several clinicians: general surgeons, vascular surgeons, endocrinologists. The topics are analysed from the general surgeon's point of view. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology and symptoms of diabetic foot syndrome, to classify diabetic foot according to three different classification systems used worlwide, and to find the advantages and disadvantages of these classification systems. Methods At the Vilnius City University Hospital, from 1992 to 2002 441 patients with diabetic foot syndrome were hospitalized. The data were collected from queationnaires. Results Of 54.6% of males and 45.4% of females, 85.7% were ill with type II and 14.3% with type I diabetes mellitus. The male to female ratio is 1.2. The average duration of diabetes mellitus for patients hospitalized with diabetic foot syndrome was 13.5 ± 7.9 years, and for 2.9% of patients diabetes mellitus for the first time was diagnosed during hospitalization. The average age was 63.8 ± 11.7 years. 32.9% of patients were hospitalized due to neuropathic, 42.4% due to neuroischemic and 24.7% due to mixed diabetic foot. 29.0% of patients had diabetic nephropathy, 25.8% diabetic retinopathy and 4.5% diabetic encephalopathy. 56.9% of patients had no systemic complications, 29.0% had one, 12.5% had two, 1.6% had three of all the above-mentioned systemic complications. Most frequently there were several diagnoses for a patient. Phlegmon of lower extremity was diagnosed in 88.5%, gangrene in 41.1%, osteomyelitis of foot bones in 29.8% and ulcer of foot in 25.3% of all cases. The average duration of hospitalization was 40.0 ± 1.58 days. The main symptom that affected over 90% of all patients was pain of the lower extremity, over 70% of patients suffered from swelling. Over half of all patients were referred to our hospital because of lower extremity suppuration and foot function disorders. Conclusions Diabetic foot type doesn't depend on the diabetes mellitus type and patient's sex. Diabetes mellitus systemic complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, encephalopathy were more common in the mixed type of diabetic foot. Diabetic nephropathy was more common in type I diabetes mellitus. Frequently there were several diagnoses for a patient, e.g., gangrene, phlegmon and ulcer of a lower extremity. Foot ulcers were more common in type II diabetes mellitus. Gangrene of foot is more common in neuroischemic foot. The classification system has to be simple, exact, specific and useful for decision making. The Wagner classification system could be used in out-patient surgery departments, S(AD) SAD classification system could be useful for retrospective studies. Diabetic feet of hospitalized patients could be classified according to the Simple Staging System. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot, epidemiology, symptoms, classification


Diabetes Care ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Oyibo ◽  
E. B. Jude ◽  
I. Tarawneh ◽  
H. C. Nguyen ◽  
L. B. Harkless ◽  
...  

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Kustova ◽  
LK Mamonov ◽  
CL Cantrell ◽  
SA Ross

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufar Ibragimova ◽  
Telman Kamalov ◽  
Hamidulla Shakirov ◽  
Oxana Platonova ◽  
Lyudmila Kokareva

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document