Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis against alcohol induced biochemical and biophysical changes in rat erythrocyte membranes

The review provides information on the physiological role of medium-chain saturated and unsaturated (myristic, pentadecanoic) and long-chain (palmitic, stearic, oleic) fatty acids in embryonic development. The value of fatty acids in the formation of the lung surfactant of the developing fetus is shown. There is presented the information about the role of polyunsaturated acids of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic ω-6 family in the structural and functional development of the nervous system and the visual analyzer of the fetus and the newborn. The interdependent stimulating effect of unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids on the differentiation of muscle cells is shown; the role of oleic and acids with 20 carbohydrate atoms in the mineralization of bone tissue is demonstrated; the value of oleic acid in the regulation of placental transport of amino acids through tol-like receptors 4 and cellular signaling is presented. The above mentioned factors allow drawing the conclusion about the need for further study of lipids as the main energy substrates, sources of plastic material, structural components of erythrocyte membranes, nerve tissue, visual analyzer, pulmonary surfactant and skeletal muscles. The accumulated data broadens the understanding of the role of lipids in metabolic processes, which will allow us to move from a fundamental research to practical aspects of the use of these substances in obstetrics and perinatology. In the long term, these results can be used to interpret and predict changes in metabolic disorders of lipids in various pathological conditions during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Natural Antioxidants Beneficial Effects on Anion Exchange through Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9010025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alessia Remigante ◽

Rossana Morabito ◽

Angela Marino

Keyword(s):

Anion Exchange ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Band 3 ◽

Erythrocyte Membranes ◽

Band 3 Protein ◽

Ion Distribution ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cross Links

Band 3 protein (B3p) exchanging Cl− and HCO3− through erythrocyte membranes is responsible for acid balance, ion distribution and gas exchange, thus accounting for homeostasis of both erythrocytes and entire organisms. Moreover, since B3p cross links with the cytoskeleton and the proteins underlying the erythrocyte membrane, its function also impacts cell shape and deformability, essential to adaptation of erythrocyte size to capillaries for pulmonary circulation. As growing attention has been directed toward this protein in recent years, the present review was conceived to report the most recent knowledge regarding B3p, with specific regard to its anion exchange capability under in vitro oxidative conditions. Most importantly, the role of natural antioxidants, i.e., curcumin, melatonin and Mg2+, in preventing detrimental oxidant effects on B3p is considered.

Download Full-text

Toxicity of Nicotine and the Role of Emblica officinalis in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.22205/sijbs/2017/v3/i1/110353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

J. Vadivelu

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Emblica Officinalis

Download Full-text

IpaD of Shigella flexneri Is Independently Required for Regulation of Ipa Protein Secretion and Efficient Insertion of IpaB and IpaC into Host Membranes

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.73.3.1432-1440.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 1432-1440 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Wendy L. Picking ◽

Hiroaki Nishioka ◽

Patricia D. Hearn ◽

M. Aaron Baxter ◽

Amanda T. Harrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Secretion ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Erythrocyte Membranes ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Cellular Invasion ◽

Host Cytoplasm ◽

Host Membrane ◽

Direct Outcome ◽

Intercellular Spread

ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri causes human dysentery after invading the cells of the colonic epithelium. The best-studied effectors of Shigella entry into colonocytes are the invasion plasmid antigens IpaC and IpaB. These proteins are exported via a type III secretion system (TTSS) to form a pore in the host membrane that may allow the translocation of other effectors into the host cytoplasm. TTSS-mediated secretion of IpaD is also required for translocation pore formation, bacterial invasion, and virulence, but the mechanistic role of this protein is unclear. IpaD is also known to be involved in controlling Ipa protein secretion, but here it is shown that this activity can be separated from its requirement for cellular invasion. Amino acids 40 to 120 of IpaD are not essential for IpaD-dependent invasion; however, deletions in this region still lead to constitutive IpaB/IpaC secretion. Meanwhile, a central deletion causes only a partial loss of control of Ipa secretion but completely eliminates IpaD's invasion function, indicating that IpaD's role in invasion is not a direct outcome of its ability to control Ipa secretion. As shigellae expressing ipaD N-terminal deletion mutations have reduced contact-mediated hemolysis activity and are less efficient at introducing IpaB and IpaC into erythrocyte membranes, it is possible that IpaD is responsible for insertion of IpaB/IpaC pores into target cell membranes. While efficient insertion of IpaB/IpaC pores is needed for optimal invasion efficiency, it may be especially important for Ipa-dependent membrane disruption and thus for efficient vacuolar escape and intercellular spread.

Download Full-text