Plasma estrogen concentrations after oral and vaginal estrogen administration in women with atrophic vaginitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Dorr ◽  
Anita L. Nelson ◽  
Philip R. Mayer ◽  
Radhika P. Ranganath ◽  
Paul M. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Vaginitis ◽  
Vaginal Estrogen ◽  
Estrogen Administration

scholarly journals Atrophic Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Surveen Ghumman
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Vaginal Atrophy ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Atrophic Vaginitis ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Vaginal Estrogen

ABSTRACT Atrophic vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina which develops when there is a significant decrease in estrogen levels after menopause. The initial and most common symptom is often lack of lubrication during intercourse. Eventually, persistent vaginal dryness may occur leading to dyspareunia. The onset of symptoms may not be immediate and may occur 3 to 4 years after menopause. Nonhormonal treatment includes vaginal moisturizers for atrophy symptoms, lubricants for dyspareunia, hyaluronic acid vaginal tablets and phtoestrogens. Estrogens are known to increase vascularity, secretions and thickness of vagina and decrease vaginal pH. They can be given both systemically or vaginally. Local therapy has been found to be more efficacious than systemic therapy and has the advantage of not having systemic adverse effects. They can be given as pessaries, creams or rings. Delivery system used should be convenient to patient so that therapy is consistent, as that is critical for effect. Improvement in vaginal atrophy symptoms starts within a few weeks of starting vaginal estrogen but, some may need to use it for 4 to 6 weeks before adequate improvement is observed. Selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene may be combined with estrogens. Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy is a common cause of easily treatable distressing symptoms which severely affect quality of life. How to cite this article Ghumman S. Atrophic Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(1):4-12.

The Effects of Transdermal Estradiol and Oral Conjugated Estrogens on Haemostasis Variables

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla-Beth Kroon ◽  
G Silfverstolpe ◽  
L Tengborn
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Transdermal Estradiol ◽  
Estrogen Administration ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

SummaryThe effects of oral and transdermal administration of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have been fairly well investigated regarding lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism, while the effects of different modes of estrogen administration on the haemostatic system have been less well studied.To delineate and compare the effects of perorally administered conjugated estrogens (CE) and transdermally administered estradiol (E2) in doses needed for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on haemostasis parameters, 23 postmenopausal women were engaged in a study with an open cross-over design. The doses compared (0.625 mg CE and 50 μg E2/24h) are the lowest which, with few exceptions, eliminate climacteric symptoms. Both CE and E2 increased factor VII:C, factor VII:Ag, and the prothrombin fragment1+2. The increase in factor VII:Ag, however, was significantly higher after treatment with CE. These changes were all towards a state of hypercoagulability. Furthermore, CE decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and the thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), as well as antithrombin (ATIII).

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