scholarly journals A metabolomic study of vegetative incompatibility in Cryphonectria parasitica

2021 ◽  
pp. 103633
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Witte ◽  
Sam Shields ◽  
Graham W. Heberlig ◽  
Mike G. Darnowski ◽  
Anatoly Belov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Metabolomic Study

scholarly journals Relationship Between Biological Control, Incidence of Hypovirulence, and Diversity of Vegetative Compatibility Types of Cryphonectria parasitica in France

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Robin ◽  
Carole Anziani ◽  
Paolo Cortesi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Background Level ◽  
Two Parameters

In France, chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, has been controlled since 1974 in orchards, but never in coppice forests, by releasing hypovirulent strains infected with CHV1 hypovirus. We tested the hypothesis that this biological control (BC) has lead to a decrease in blight severity, spread of hypovirulence, and change in C. parasitica populations. The low severity of chestnut blight was confirmed in the six regions studied (subdivided into zones). The remission of cankers was associated with the presence of white isolates presumed to be hypovirulent. These two parameters were also correlated, at the zonal level, to the frequency of sites where BC was used. However, the estimates of the natural background level of hypovirulence, independent of BC, ranged from 4% in forests in Dordogne to 60% in orchards in Lozère. Differences in the rate of hypovirulent isolates among regions were consistent with the diversity of vegetative compatibility (VC) types in populations of C. parasitica. The highest VC-type diversity and mean allelic diversity for known vegetative incompatibility (vic) genes were observed in Dordogne. We showed that the current diversity of VC types in populations of C. parasitica was lower than in 1981. We found 30 VC types among 1,113 isolates of C. parasitica. Ten VC types were incompatible with known EU testers, suggesting that one additional vic gene or allele at one of the six vic loci known should be present in Europe.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis implicates secondary metabolite production, redox reactions, and programmed cell death during allorecognition in Cryphonectria parasitica

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly A Belov ◽  
Thomas E Witte ◽  
David P Overy ◽  
Myron L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Metabolite Production

Abstract The underlying molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death associated with fungal allorecognition, a form of innate immunity, remain largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome analysis was used to infer mechanisms activated during barrage formation in vic3-incompatible strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus. Pronounced differential expression occurred in barraging strains of genes involved in mating pheromone (mf2-1, mf2-2), secondary metabolite production, detoxification (including oxidative stress), apoptosis-related, RNA interference, and HET-domain genes. Evidence for secondary metabolite production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is supported through UPLC-HRMS analysis and cytological staining, respectively. Differential expression of mating-related genes and HET-domain genes was further examined by RT-qPCR of incompatible interactions involving each of the six vegetative incompatibility (vic) loci in C. parasitica and revealed distinct recognition process networks. We infer that vegetative incompatibility in C. parasitica activates defence reactions that involve secondary metabolism, resulting in increased toxicity of the extra- and intracellular environment. Accumulation of ROS (and other potential toxins) may result in detoxification failure and activation of apoptosis, sporulation, and the expression of associated pheromone genes. The incompatible reaction leaves abundant traces of a process-specific metabolome as conidiation is initiated.

scholarly journals Multilocus PCR Assays Elucidate Vegetative Incompatibility Gene Profiles of Cryphonectria parasitica in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5736-5742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan P. G. Short ◽  
Mark Double ◽  
Donald L. Nuss ◽  
Cameron M. Stauder ◽  
William MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primer Sets

ABSTRACTChestnut blight is a devastating disease ofCastaneaspp. Mycoviruses that reduce virulence (hypovirulence) of the causative agent,Cryphonectria parasitica, can be used to manage chestnut blight. However, vegetative incompatibility (vic) barriers that restrict anastomosis-mediated virus transmission hamper hypovirulence efficacy. In order to effectively determine the vegetative incompatibility genetic structure ofC. parasiticafield populations, we have designed PCR primer sets that selectively amplify and distinguish alleles for each of the six known diallelicC. parasiticavicgenetic loci. PCR assay results were validated using a panel of 64 European tester strains with genetically determinedvicgenotypes. Analysis of 116C. parasiticaisolates collected from five locations in the eastern United States revealed 39 uniquevicgenotypes and generally good agreement between PCR and tester strain coculturing assays in terms ofvicdiversity and genotyping. However, incongruences were observed for isolates from multiple locations and suggested that the coculturing assay can overestimate diversity at the six knownvicloci. The availability of molecular tools for rapid and precisevicgenotyping significantly improves the ability to predict and evaluate the efficacy of hypovirulence and related management strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document