Text highlighting for consumer insights: Influence of text length and difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 104492
Author(s):  
Sara R. Jaeger ◽  
Sok L. Chheang ◽  
Gastón Ares
Keyword(s):  
Text Length

Applying the interlanguage approach to language teaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pallotti
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
School Year ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Text Quality ◽  
Cohesive Devices ◽  
Text Length

Abstract The term interlanguage can be used to refer both to the object of investigation, i. e. learners’ L2 competences as instantiated in their linguistic productions, or to an approach to investigating such competences and describing such productions. In this second sense, it has major implications for both research and teaching, as it involves treating learners’ utterances as being based on separate linguistic systems, which need to be described in their own right, with no reference to other languages, including the L2. The didactic consequences of the interlanguage approach include, among other things, a different attitude towards errors, greater learners’ autonomy and a focus on linguistic experimentation and hypotheses-testing. The article reports on a project that applied these principles in some Italian primary schools. Pupils worked in groups to produce long, complex and well-organized written texts retelling a silent movie. Data collected at the beginning and end of the school year reveal that these experimental classes outperformed control classes on a number of dimensions, including group cohesion and motivation, text quality assessed with rating scales, and objective measures like text length, number of idea units, use of punctuation and cohesive devices. It is argued that interlanguage analysis and the interlanguage approach should become an integral part of teacher training in all areas of language education.

Signaling Effects: A Review of the Research—Part I

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Expository Prose ◽  
Comprehension Tests

This article reviews previous research on the effects of certain structural cues, called signals, that affect a reader's comprehension of expository prose. It concludes that the inconsistent results of many studies may be due to inadequate methodologies that have failed to control for confounding variables, such as text length and difficulty, reader familiarity with the topic, and timing of comprehension tests. Further, accepted signal types (headings, logical connectives, and previews) have not been sufficiently examined for their individual effects, perhaps creating unidentified disordinal interactions that could preclude the possibility of researchers identifying significant effects. This article concludes with recommendations for more valid research methodology to be used in prose assessment studies. The next issue of this journal will present Part II of this article, which details a new study of signaling effects for readers of expository prose, a study that is based on the refined methodology suggested in this article.

What prompts users to click on news headlines? Evidence from unobtrusive data analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Qian Guo ◽  
Shunchang Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Online News ◽  
Clickstream Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Text Length ◽  
News Selection ◽  
Log File ◽  
News Headlines

Purpose The headlines of online news are created carefully to influence audience news selection today. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between news headline presentation and users’ clicking behavior. Design/methodology/approach Two types of unobtrusive data were collected and analyzed jointly for this purpose. A two-month server log file containing 39,990,200 clickstream records was obtained from an institutional news site. A clickstream data analysis was conducted at the footprint and movement levels, which extracted 98,016 clicks received by 7,120 headlines ever displayed on the homepage. Meanwhile, the presentation of these headlines was characterized from seven dimensions, i.e. position, format, text length, use of numbers, use of punctuation marks, recency and popularity, based on the layout and content crawled from the homepage. Findings This study identified a series of presentation characteristics that prompted users to click on the headlines, including placing them in the central T-shaped zones, using images, increasing text length properly for greater clarity, using visually distinctive punctuation marks, and providing recency and popularity indicators. Originality/value The findings have valuable implications for news providers in attracting clicks to their headlines. Also, the successful application of nonreactive methods has significant implications for future user studies in both information science and journalism.

Information Mapping

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Le Pair ◽  
Carel Jansen ◽  
Hubert Korzilius ◽  
Jolanda van Gerdingen ◽  
Susanne de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Text Length

In a previous study, no effects were found applying Information Mapping® (IMAP) to a relatively short text. In three new experiments, we investigated whether text length and the presence or absence of typical IMAP format features would influence possible IMAP effects, and if there would be any interaction effects of the application of the IMAP method and reader characteristics. It turned out that when presented with a relatively long text, readers worked more effectively and efficiently with an IMAP version. Adding typical IMAP format features to an otherwise unaltered conventional text did not produce greater effectiveness but did result in greater efficiency and higher appreciation. No interaction effects were found of the respondents’ linguistic background and the application of the IMAP method.

scholarly journals Compact and hash based variants of the suffix array

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
S. Grabowski ◽  
M. Raniszewski
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Suffix Array ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Text Indexing ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Pattern Searches ◽  
Search Interval

AbstractFull-text indexing aims at building a data structure over a given text capable of efficiently finding arbitrary text patterns, and possibly requiring little space. We propose two suffix array inspired full-text indexes. One, called SA-hash, augments the suffix array with a hash table to speed up pattern searches due to significantly narrowed search interval before the binary search phase. The other, called FBCSA, is a compact data structure, similar to Mäkinen’s compact suffix array (MakCSA), but working on fixed size blocks. Experiments on the widely used Pizza & Chili datasets show that SA-hash is about 2–3 times faster in pattern searches (counts) than the standard suffix array, for the price of requiring 0.2n–1.1nbytes of extra space, wherenis the text length. FBCSA, in one of the presented variants, reduces the suffix array size by a factor of about 1.5–2, while it gets close in search times, winning in speed with its competitors known from the literature, MakCSA and LCSA.

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