Tree basal area increment models for Cedrela, Amburana, Copaifera and Swietenia growing in the Amazon rain forests: A reply to Free et al. (2017)

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.

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Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Journal of Visualized Experiments ◽

10.3791/60827 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenwen Wang ◽

Yanfeng Bai ◽

Chunqian Jiang ◽

Jinghui Meng

Keyword(s):

Basal Area ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Linear Mixed Effects

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Historical trends in tree-ring growth and chemistry across an air-quality gradient in Wisconsin

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-015 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

L. E. Frelich ◽

J. G. Bockheim ◽

J. E. Leide

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Past Century ◽

White Pine ◽

The Past ◽

Age Related ◽

The 1960S

Basal-area increment and chemical composition of xylem wood were measured in three old-growth (ca. 75–100 years) white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) and three sugar maple (Acersaccharum) Marsh.) stands across a pH and SO4 gradient in precipitation in Wisconsin. In 1986 the volume-weighted mean pH and SO4 content of precipitation ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 and from 21 to 11 kg • ha−1, respectively, from southeastern to northwestern Wisconsin. With one exception (a white pine site at Point Beach in eastern Wisconsin), basal-area increment increased from the 1890s until the 1950s (sugar maple) or 1970s (white pine), then levelled off. Growth efficiency, estimated as the ratio of basal area to exposed crown area or crown volume for the 1980–1985 period, was similar for sugar maple across the gradient; however, growth efficiency of white pine was lower at Point Beach than at the two northern Wisconsin sites. Lead concentrations in xylem wood of both species have increased with time, except at Crotte Creek in northwestern Wisconsin, and Pb concentrations in xylem wood of both species were significantly greater in southeastern than in northwestern Wisconsin. Sulfur concentrations in xylem wood of white pine have increased since the 1960s at Point Beach and at one site in north central Wisconsin; S concentrations are significantly greater for both species in southeastern than in northern Wisconsin. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K in xylem wood of sugar maple have decreased over the past century. Whereas xylem wood concentrations of Mn and Zn generally show no age-related trends, Fe and P concentrations have increased markedly at all sites, particularly during the past decade. Although additional research is needed to determine the potential of dendrochemistry in evaluating the consequences of environmental pollution, the age- and site-related trends in chemical composition of xylem wood of white pine and sugar maple appear to be related to vehicular emissions (Pb), air pollution (S), migration along ray paths during conversion of sapwood into heartwood (P, Fe, Ca, K, Mg), and possibly reallocation of nutrients from the labile soil pool to perennial tree tissues during stand development (Ca, K, Mg).

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Intertree competition in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x03-096 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1719-1726 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C W Woodall ◽

C E Fiedler ◽

K S Milner

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Tree Size ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Diameter Class ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Sapwood Area ◽

Competition Indices

Intertree competition indices and effects were examined in 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) stands in eastern Montana. Location, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area increment, crown ratio, and sapwood area were determined for each tree (DBH >3.8 cm) on one stem-mapped plot (0.2-0.4 ha) in each sample stand. Based on tree locations, various competition indices were derived for each sample tree and correlated with its growth efficiency by diameter class. In addition, trends in individual tree attributes by diameter class and level of surrounding competition were determined. For trees with a DBH <10 cm, growth efficiency was most strongly correlated with the sum of surrounding tree heights within 10.6 m. The index most highly correlated for larger trees was the sum of surrounding basal area within 6.1 m. Regardless of tree size, individual tree growth efficiency, basal area increment, and crown ratio all decreased under increasing levels of competition, with the effect more pronounced in smaller trees. These results suggest that individual trees in uneven-aged stands experience competition from differing sources at varying scales based on their size, with response to competition diminishing as tree size increases.

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Negative impact of ozone on the stem basal area increment of mature Norway spruce in south Sweden

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.059 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 232 (1-3) ◽

pp. 146-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Per Erik Karlsson ◽

Göran Örlander ◽

Ola Langvall ◽

Johan Uddling ◽

Urban Hjorth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Basal Area ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

South Sweden

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Effects of chronic ammonium sulfate treatment on basal area increment in red spruce and sugar maple at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x03-016 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 862-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jose Alexander Elvir ◽

G Bruce Wiersma ◽

Alan S White ◽

Ivan J Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Basal Area ◽

Red Spruce ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Ice Storm ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Growth Allocation

Responses in basal area increment (BAI) of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) to chronic ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) treatment were examined at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. The Bear Brook Watershed is a pair-watershed forest ecosystem study with West Bear watershed treated with (NH4)2SO4 at a rate of 1800 equiv.·ha1·year1 since 1989, while East Bear watershed serves as a reference. Following 10 years of treatment, BAI was significantly higher for sugar maple trees growing in the treated watershed, with yearly increases relative to the reference watershed ranging from 13% in 1999 to 104% in 1996. The increase in sugar maple radial growth was attributed to a fertilization effect from the (NH4)2SO4 treatment. A reduction in BAI in sugar maple growing in the treated watershed observed in 1998 and 1999 was attributed to internal stresses and growth allocation to crown recovery after the severe 1998 ice storm. Red spruce showed no BAI growth responses to the treatment. Lower foliar Mg and Ca concentrations in red spruce in the treated watershed and lower soil responses to N enrichment in treated softwood stands compared with treated hardwood stands could explain the lack of BAI response in red spruce.

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Genetic variation in basal area increment phenology and its correlation with growth rate in loblolly and slash pine families and clones

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-309 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 961-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Veronica I Emhart ◽

Timothy A Martin ◽

Timothy L White ◽

Dudley A Huber

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Basal Area Growth ◽

Area Growth

We quantified basal area increment phenology over a 2-year period in one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) full-sib families propagated as rooting cuttings. In 2002, basal area growth started in March and stopped in October for both species, while in 2003, initiation and cessation occurred 2 weeks earlier for all families. In both years, peaks in basal area increment occurred in short (23 week) periods in the early spring for all families, followed by linear basal area growth until cessation. While there were significant size differences among taxa (species and families) at age 6 and 7 years, genetic differences in basal area growth rate were only expressed during short, discrete time periods primarily in the spring and fall. Basal area growth rate increased during periods when water soil availability increased (up to 300 mm), but an excess in water availability in the soil had a negative impact on growth. Within-family individual-tree broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 for all traits. In general, heritabilities were higher for growth traits than for phenological traits for all families. Both the strength and direction of correlation estimates of phenological traits with growth rate varied across families and years.

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Tree vigor and stand growth of Douglas-fir as influenced by laminated root rot

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-156 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 985-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ram Oren ◽

Walter G. Thies ◽

Richard H. Waring

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Root Rot ◽

Basal Area ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Sapwood Area ◽

Stand Growth ◽

Area Growth ◽

The Impact ◽

Stand Basal Area

Total stand sapwood basal area, a measure of competing canopy leaf area, was reduced 30% by laminated root rot induced by Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb. in a heavily infected 40-year-old coastal stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) compared with that of a similar uninfected stand. Annual basal area increment per unit of sapwood area, an index of tree vigor, was expected to increase in uninfected trees in the infected stand as surrounding trees died from root rot; vigor of the uninfected trees did increase by an average of 30%, offsetting the reduction in canopy leaf area. This increase, although less than might be expected in an evenly spaced thinned stand, was sufficient to maintain stand basal area growth at levels similar to those of unthinned forests. These findings indicate that increased growth by residual trees must be taken into account when the impact of disease-induced mortality on stand production is assessed.

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