Shallow marine ecosystem collapse and recovery during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

ABSTRAK Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem di laut dangkal yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam kehidupan biota laut dan merupakan salah satu ekosistem bahari yang paling produktif, sehingga mampu mendukung potensi sumber daya yang tinggi pula. Fungsi ekologis ekosistem lamun adalah sebagai produsen, pendaur unsur hara, penstabil substrat, penangkap sedimen, habitat dan makanan serta tempat berlindung organisme laut lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, untuk mengidentifikasi pigmen dan mengetahui kandungan pigmen yang terdeteksi pada lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) di Perairan Pantai Amadoke Desa Akle Kecamatan Semau Selatan Kabupaten Kupang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Survei, Kromotografi Lapis Tipis, dan metode Spektrofotometer. Lamun ini mengandung pigmen terlihat pada hasil analisis spektrofotometer pada ekstrak pigmen total lamun dan pemisahan pigmen lewat uji Kromotografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Dalam proses ekstraksi digunakan pelarut aseton untuk penggerusan dan perendaman. Dan pada uji spektrofotometer untuk kandungan klorofil a menggunakan panjang gelombang 645 nm dengan pigmen total 226,85 µg/mL, klorofil b 664 nm dengan pigmen total 368,69 µg/mL dan karotenoid 470 nm dengan pigmen total. 2.923,70 µg/mL. Pada pengujian pigmen lewat KLT terdapat sembilan noda yaitu, klorofil a dengan nilai Rf (0,78, 0,84 dan 0,08) klorofil b dengan nilai Rf (0,04), klorofil c dengan nilai Rf (0,12), feofitin dengan nilai Rf (0,22 dan 0,88), fukosantin dengan nilai Rf (0,48) dan karotenoid dengan nilai Rf (1,00). Kata kunci : E. acoroides (Linnaeus f.), pigmen, klorofil dan KLT ABSTRACT Seagress ecosystem is one of the shallow marine ecosystem that has an important role in the life of marine and is one of the most productive marine ecosystem, so that it can support the high potential of high resources as well. The ecological function of seagress ecosystem is as a producer, nutrient recycler, substrat stabilizer, sedimen capture, food and shelter of other organisme. The purpose of the research was to identifi the pigment and determine the pigment content in Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) seagress in Amadoke waters beach Akle of village, South Semau.The research use survey method, thin layer chromotographic and spectrophotometer methods. This seagress contains pigment, seen in the result of spectrophotometric analysis in total seagress extract and pigment separation through thin layer chromotography test. In the pisment used acetone for steaming and soaking. The spectrophotometric test for the content of chrolophyll a (λ 645 nm), chrolophyll b (λ 664 nm) and carotenoid (λ 470 nm), respectivelly are 226,85 µg/mL, 368,69 µg/mL and 2923,70 µg/mL. Nine pigments found based on the Rf valuef of TLC analisis are chrolophyll a (Rf 0,78, 0,84, 0,08), chrolophyll b (Rf 0,04), chrolophyll c (Rf 0,12), feofitin (Rf 0,22 dan 0,88) and carotenoid (Rf 1,00)

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The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) in shallow-marine successions of the Adriatic carbonate platform (SW Slovenia)

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/b30553.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 124 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1071-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Zamagni ◽

M. Mutti ◽

P. Ballato ◽

A. Kosir

Keyword(s):

Carbonate Platform ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Sw Slovenia

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Stratigraphic and sedimentological aspects of the worldwide distribution of Apectodinium in Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum deposits

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/sp511-2020-46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. SP511-2020-46

Author(s):

Christopher N. Denison

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Sea Level ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Calcareous Nannofossil ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Data Gap

AbstractThe Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by pronounced global warming and associated environmental changes. In the more-or-less two decades since prior regional syntheses of Apectodinium distribution at the PETM, extensive biological and geochemical datasets have elucidated the effect of rising world temperatures on climate and the biome. A Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) that marks the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (PEB) is associated with an acme of marine dinocysts of the genus Apectodinium in many locations. Distinctive foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil populations may also be present.For this up-dated, dinocyst-oriented view of the PETM, data from worldwide locations have been evaluated with an emphasis on stratigraphic and sedimentological context. What has emerged is that a change in lithology is common, often to a distinctive siltstone or claystone unit, which contrasts with underlying and overlying lithotypes. This change, present in shallow marine/coastal settings and in deepwater turbidite deposits, is attributed to radical modifications of precipitation and erosional processes. An abrupt boundary carries the implication that some time (of unknowable duration) is potentially missing, which then requires caution in the interpretation of the pacing of events in relation to that boundary. In most instances an ‘abrupt’ or ‘rapid’ CIE onset can be attributed to a data gap at a hiatus, particularly in shallow shelf settings where transgression resulted from sea-level rise associated with the PETM. Truly gradational lower boundaries of the PETM interval are quite unusual, and if present, are poorly known so far. Gradational upper boundaries are more common, but erosional upper boundaries have been reported.Taxonomic changes have been made to clarify identification issues that have adversely impacted some biostratigraphic interpretations. Apectodinium hyperacanthum has been retained in Wetzeliella, its original genus. The majority of specimens previously assigned to Apectodinium hyperacanthum or Wetzeliella (Apectodinium) hyperacanthum have been re-assigned to an informal species, Apectodinium sp. 1. Dracodinium astra has been retained in its original genus as Wetzeliella astra, and is emended.

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No abrupt change in redox condition caused the end-Permian marine ecosystem collapse in the East Greenland Basin

Earth and Planetary Science Letters ◽

10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.043 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 291 (1-4) ◽

pp. 32-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jesper K. Nielsen ◽

Yanan Shen ◽

Stefan Piasecki ◽

Lars Stemmerik

Keyword(s):

Abrupt Change ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Redox Condition ◽

East Greenland ◽

Greenland Basin ◽

Ecosystem Collapse

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Shelf ecosystem response to the Eocene-Oligocene Transition

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1053 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Cotton ◽

David Evans ◽

Daniela Schmidt

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Environmental Change ◽

Trace Element ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Ecosystem Dynamics ◽

Ecosystem Response ◽

Holistic View ◽

Shallow Marine

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) is one of the most dramatic climate shifts of the Cenozoic with severe consequences for reef ecosystems. The onset of continental Antarctic glaciation is associated with widespread environmental change, resulting in a global peak in biotic turnover. Whilst numerous studies of the biotic response to the changes at the EOT have been carried out, most high-resolution studies consist of open ocean records of marine plankton and predominantly single groups of organisms. However, this is not representative of the ocean system as a whole and does not provide a holistic view of mechanism of restructuring of the marine ecosystems. The shelf seas and reefs are some of the most diverse and fundamentally important ecosystems of the oceans. Long-term diversity loss across the EOT has been shown in several macrofossil studies, but mainly at low resolution, and recovery is not well understood.&#160; Many shelf species are ecosystem engineers whose loss and recovery have profound implications for the entire ecosystem. Understanding these interactions will provide insights into shallow marine ecosystems and their response to major climate perturbations.The Tanzanian Drilling Project EOT record (TDP 11, 12, 17) is recognised globally for its completeness and exceptionally preserved calcareous microfossils. It is most importantly, though, a rare record of both shallow water organisms and open ocean plankton. The latter are fundamentally important for reconstructions of the environment and a globally calibrated timescale. Here we draw together a unique dataset of high-resolution mollusc, Dasycladaceae, bryozoan, larger benthic foraminifers, coral, smaller benthic foraminifera, trace element and isotope records from the EOT. The response and recovery of these species is compared with known, modern physiology of each group to provide a complete picture of the shallow marine ecosystem response.Following rapid extinctions within the larger foraminifera during the transition, molluscs, Dasycladaceae and bryozoans all show increases in abundance, indicating a major shift in shelf ecosystem composition. These assemblage changes are coincident with a period of more positive values in d13C of both benthic and planktonic foraminifera and changes in trace element values. Comparison with the open ocean record of planktonic foraminiferal, pteropod, and nannofossils confirm these assemblage changes are a biological, rather than sedimentological response and additionally support a that a transition to more eutrophic conditions took place.&#160;an environmental framework of traditional and novel geochemistry, indicate that increased nutrient fluxes played a pivotal role in restructuring shelf ecosystem dynamics and therefore offers new insight into mechanisms of reorganisation under ecosystem loss and environmental change.

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