Use of isotopic signatures to assess the food web in a tropical shallow marine ecosystem of Southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Corbisier ◽  
L.S.H. Soares ◽  
M.A.V. Petti ◽  
E.Y. Muto ◽  
M.H.C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Isotopic Signatures

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN PIGMEN PADA LAMUN Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI AMADOKE DESA AKLE KECAMATAN SEMAU SELATAN KABUPATEN KUPANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Ivin Anggraini Bayang ◽  
Andriani Rafael ◽  
Alfred G.O Kase
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides

ABSTRAK               Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem di laut dangkal yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam kehidupan biota laut dan merupakan salah satu ekosistem bahari yang paling produktif, sehingga mampu mendukung potensi sumber daya yang tinggi pula. Fungsi ekologis ekosistem lamun adalah sebagai produsen, pendaur unsur hara, penstabil substrat, penangkap sedimen, habitat dan makanan serta tempat berlindung organisme laut lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, untuk mengidentifikasi pigmen dan mengetahui kandungan pigmen yang terdeteksi pada lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) di Perairan Pantai Amadoke Desa Akle Kecamatan Semau Selatan Kabupaten Kupang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Survei, Kromotografi Lapis Tipis, dan metode Spektrofotometer. Lamun ini mengandung pigmen terlihat pada hasil analisis spektrofotometer pada ekstrak pigmen total lamun dan pemisahan pigmen lewat uji Kromotografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Dalam proses ekstraksi digunakan pelarut aseton untuk penggerusan dan perendaman. Dan pada uji spektrofotometer untuk kandungan klorofil a menggunakan panjang gelombang 645 nm dengan pigmen total 226,85 µg/mL, klorofil b 664 nm dengan pigmen total 368,69 µg/mL dan karotenoid 470 nm dengan pigmen total. 2.923,70 µg/mL. Pada pengujian pigmen lewat KLT terdapat sembilan noda yaitu, klorofil a dengan nilai Rf (0,78, 0,84 dan 0,08) klorofil b dengan nilai Rf (0,04),  klorofil c dengan nilai Rf  (0,12), feofitin dengan nilai Rf (0,22 dan 0,88), fukosantin dengan nilai Rf (0,48) dan karotenoid dengan nilai Rf (1,00).      Kata kunci : E. acoroides (Linnaeus f.), pigmen, klorofil dan KLT ABSTRACT Seagress ecosystem is one of the shallow marine ecosystem that has an important role in the life of marine and is one of the most productive marine ecosystem, so that it can support the high potential of high resources as well. The ecological function of seagress ecosystem is as a producer, nutrient recycler, substrat stabilizer, sedimen capture, food and shelter of other organisme. The purpose of the research was to identifi the pigment and determine the pigment content in Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) seagress in Amadoke waters beach Akle of village, South Semau.The  research use survey method, thin layer chromotographic and spectrophotometer methods. This seagress contains pigment, seen in the result of spectrophotometric analysis in total seagress extract and pigment separation through thin layer chromotography test. In the pisment used acetone for steaming and soaking. The spectrophotometric test for the content of chrolophyll a (λ 645 nm), chrolophyll b (λ 664 nm) and carotenoid (λ 470 nm), respectivelly are 226,85 µg/mL, 368,69 µg/mL and 2923,70 µg/mL. Nine pigments found based on the Rf valuef of TLC analisis are chrolophyll a (Rf 0,78, 0,84, 0,08), chrolophyll b (Rf 0,04), chrolophyll c (Rf 0,12), feofitin (Rf 0,22 dan 0,88) and carotenoid (Rf 1,00)  

Seasonal PCB Bioaccumulation in an Arctic Marine Ecosystem: A Model Analysis Incorporating Lipid Dynamics, Food-Web Productivity and Migration

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik De Laender ◽  
Dick Van Oevelen ◽  
Sylvia Frantzen ◽  
Jack J. Middelburg ◽  
Karline Soetaert
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Lipid Dynamics ◽  
And Migration

The Use of Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis to Characterize Food Web Changes in Aquatic Systems for Reclamation of Oil Sands Process-Affected Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monalisa Elshayeb ◽  
Michael D. MacKinnon ◽  
D. George Dixon ◽  
Michael Power
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Northern Alberta

Abstract One strategy for reclamation of oil sands leases in northern Alberta is the construction of lakes and wetlands by capping oil sands process-affected material (OSPM) with water. To assess this approach, experimental sites containing a range of OSPM have been constructed to monitor the evolution of the resulting aquatic habitats. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were used to assess the effects of OSPM on aquatic food webs. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of sediment, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, particulate organic matter, periphyton, plants, plankton, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were used to assess differences related to the naphthenic acid (NA) concentration in OSPM and reference sites. NAs are a principal contaminant of concern in OSPM. Sites were grouped into low (0 to 4 mg/L), medium (4 to 15 mg/L), and high (>15 mg/L) NA concentrations. There were no significant differences in food web area or length among the three NA groupings. In most cases, carbon isotope analyses of samples from low, medium, and high NA concentration sites were not significantly different, suggesting that OSPM is not a significant contributor to food web carbon sources. Significant differences were found in nitrogen isotope signatures between low, medium, and high NA sites. Ammonia from OSPM is suggested as the main contributor to δ15N enrichment.

scholarly journals Schooling behavior of Mugil curema (Perciformes: Mugilidae) in an estuary in southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Delgado de Carvalho ◽  
Carolina Marocco Corneta ◽  
Virginia Sanches Uieda
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Schooling Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Schools of mullets, Mugilidae, are abundant in estuaries and shallow marine waters. We report on the schooling behavior of juvenile white mullet, Mugil curema, in the estuary of the Canto da Paciência stream, in Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil. Schools of small fish (15 to 35 mm TL) were composed of a larger number of individuals (up to a hundred individuals), and were found feeding mainly in shallow nearshore waters, whereas schools of larger fish (40 to 100 mm TL) were observed only in deeper waters. Three patterns of swimming were observed for the schools: stationary feeding, slow movement while searching for food, and rapid displacement. The variations observed in school structure and behavior seem to be related to the balance between predation risk and increasing food intake.

Shelf ecosystem response to the Eocene-Oligocene Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cotton ◽  
David Evans ◽  
Daniela Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Shallow Marine

<p>The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) is one of the most dramatic climate shifts of the Cenozoic with severe consequences for reef ecosystems. The onset of continental Antarctic glaciation is associated with widespread environmental change, resulting in a global peak in biotic turnover. Whilst numerous studies of the biotic response to the changes at the EOT have been carried out, most high-resolution studies consist of open ocean records of marine plankton and predominantly single groups of organisms. However, this is not representative of the ocean system as a whole and does not provide a holistic view of mechanism of restructuring of the marine ecosystems. The shelf seas and reefs are some of the most diverse and fundamentally important ecosystems of the oceans. Long-term diversity loss across the EOT has been shown in several macrofossil studies, but mainly at low resolution, and recovery is not well understood.  Many shelf species are ecosystem engineers whose loss and recovery have profound implications for the entire ecosystem. Understanding these interactions will provide insights into shallow marine ecosystems and their response to major climate perturbations.</p><p>The Tanzanian Drilling Project EOT record (TDP 11, 12, 17) is recognised globally for its completeness and exceptionally preserved calcareous microfossils. It is most importantly, though, a rare record of both shallow water organisms and open ocean plankton. The latter are fundamentally important for reconstructions of the environment and a globally calibrated timescale. Here we draw together a unique dataset of high-resolution mollusc, Dasycladaceae, bryozoan, larger benthic foraminifers, coral, smaller benthic foraminifera, trace element and isotope records from the EOT. The response and recovery of these species is compared with known, modern physiology of each group to provide a complete picture of the shallow marine ecosystem response.</p><p>Following rapid extinctions within the larger foraminifera during the transition, molluscs, Dasycladaceae and bryozoans all show increases in abundance, indicating a major shift in shelf ecosystem composition. These assemblage changes are coincident with a period of more positive values in d<sup>13</sup>C of both benthic and planktonic foraminifera and changes in trace element values. Comparison with the open ocean record of planktonic foraminiferal, pteropod, and nannofossils confirm these assemblage changes are a biological, rather than sedimentological response and additionally support a that a transition to more eutrophic conditions took place. an environmental framework of traditional and novel geochemistry, indicate that increased nutrient fluxes played a pivotal role in restructuring shelf ecosystem dynamics and therefore offers new insight into mechanisms of reorganisation under ecosystem loss and environmental change.</p>

scholarly journals Shallow marine ecosystem collapse and recovery during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 103649
Author(s):  
Skye Yunshu Tian ◽  
Moriaki Yasuhara ◽  
Huai-Hsuan M. Huang ◽  
Fabien L. Condamine ◽  
Marci M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Ecosystem Collapse

scholarly journals PCR of Gut Contents for a Food Web Study of a Marine Ecosystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Nack-Keun Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Sun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gut Contents

Network models for ecosystem-based fishery analysis: a review of concepts and application to the Gulf of Alaska marine food web

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1965-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Gaichas ◽  
Robert C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Small World ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Structural Impacts

We apply graph theory and network analysis to the food web of the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem to classify its structural properties, which suggest how the ecosystem as a whole may respond to heavy fishing pressure on its components. Three conceptual models of network structure, random, small-world, and scale-free, each have different implications for system behavior and tolerance to perturbations. We constructed two food web network models using detailed quantitative information on the stomach contents of 57 predator (fish) species collected during trawl surveys of the Gulf of Alaska between 1981 and 2002. The resulting food webs displayed both small-world and scale-free network properties, suggesting that impacts on one species might spread to many through short interaction chains and that while most food web connections are not critical, a small set of fished species support critical structural connections. Ecosystem-based fishery management should therefore first focus on protecting the highly connected species in the network to avoid structural impacts of fishing on the food web.

Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur diet–tissue discrimination in mouse tissues

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne S Arneson ◽  
Stephen E MacAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Tissue Discrimination ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Changes Over Time

Stable-isotope ratios are increasingly being used to examine ecological questions pertaining to dietary choices, physiological status, and animal migration. It has been shown that animal tissues reflect the isotopic signature present in food, altered by a small reproducible fractionation value. The average diet–tissue discrimination for δ13C and δ15N is approximately 1‰ and 3‰, respectively, although the degree of diet–tissue discrimination may be affected by a range of factors and vary between organisms and tissue types. Although the average δ34S is approximately zero, the sulfur diet–tissue discrimination values have only been determined for a few organisms. It is necessary to determine accurate diet–tissue discrimination values between tissue and dietary components to have confidence in any food-web study or determination of diet quality. In this paper, we determine carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur diet–tissue discrimination values for whole blood, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and fat (carbon only) from adult mice (Mus musculus L., 1758) equilibrated on three diets with unique isotopic signatures for carbohydrate carbon and for protein carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. These data will aid researchers in choosing tissues to be used to examine food-web changes over time.

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