Health inequalities in Israel: Explanatory factors of socio-economic inequalities in self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varda Soskolne ◽  
Orly Manor
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Limiting Longstanding Illness ◽  
Longstanding Illness ◽  
Economic Inequalities

scholarly journals Racial discrimination and health: a prospective study of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Hackett ◽  
Amy Ronaldson ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Sarah E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Limiting Longstanding Illness ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Longstanding Illness

Abstract Background Racism has been linked with poor health in studies in the United States. Little is known about prospective associations between racial discrimination and health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Data were from 4883 ethnic minority (i.e. non-white) participants in the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Perceived discrimination in the last 12 months on the basis of ethnicity or nationality was reported in 2009/10. Psychological distress, mental functioning, life satisfaction, self-rated health, physical functioning and reports of limiting longstanding illness were assessed in 2009/10 and 2011/12. Linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, income, education and ethnicity. Prospective analyses also adjusted for baseline status on the outcome being evaluated. Results Racial discrimination was reported by 998 (20.4%) of the sample. Cross-sectionally, those who reported racial discrimination had a greater likelihood on average of limiting longstanding illness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49; 2.13) and fair/poor self-rated health (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.24; 1.82) than those who did not report racial discrimination. Racial discrimination was associated with greater psychological distress (B = 1.11, 95% CI 0.88; 1.34), poorer mental functioning (B = − 3.61; 95% CI -4.29; − 2.93), poorer physical functioning (B = − 0.86; 95% CI -1.50; − 0.27), and lower life satisfaction (B = − 0.40, 95% CI -0.52; − 0.27). Prospectively, those who reported racial discrimination had a greater likelihood on average of limiting longstanding illness (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01; 1.69) and fair/poor self-rated health (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.00; 1.69), than those who did not report racial discrimination. Racial discrimination was associated increased psychological distress (B = 0.52, 95% CI 0.20; 0.85) and poorer mental functioning (B = − 1.77; 95% CI -2.70; − 0.83) over two-year follow-up, adjusting for baseline scores. Conclusions UK adults belonging to ethnic minority groups who perceive racial discrimination experience poorer mental and physical health than those who do not. These results highlight the need for effective interventions to combat racial discrimination in order to reduce inequalities in health.

scholarly journals Is Loneliness an Undervalued Pathway between Socio-Economic Disadvantage and Health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10177
Author(s):  
Rachelle Meisters ◽  
Polina Putrik ◽  
Daan Westra ◽  
Hans Bosma ◽  
Dirk Ruwaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Health Inequalities

Loneliness is a growing public health issue. It is more common in disadvantaged groups and has been associated with a range of poor health outcomes. Loneliness may also form an independent pathway between socio-economic disadvantage and poor health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of loneliness to socio-economic health inequalities. These contributions were studied in a Dutch national sample (n = 445,748 adults (≥19 y.o.)) in Poisson and logistic regression models, controlling for age, gender, marital status, migration background, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Loneliness explained 21% of socioeconomic health inequalities between the lowest and highest socio-economic groups in self-reported chronic disease prevalence, 27% in poorer self-rated health, and 51% in psychological distress. Subgroup analyses revealed that for young adults, loneliness had a larger contribution to socioeconomic gaps in self-rated health (37%) than in 80+-year-olds (16%). Our findings suggest that loneliness may be a social determinant of health, contributing to the socioeconomic health gap independently of well-documented factors such as lifestyles and demographics, in particular for young adults. Public health policies targeting socioeconomic health inequalities could benefit from integrating loneliness into their policies, especially for young adults.

Inequalities in adolescent self-rated health and smoking in Europe: comparing different indicators of socioeconomic status

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Moor ◽  
Mirte A G Kuipers ◽  
Vincent Lorant ◽  
Timo-Kolja Pförtner ◽  
Jaana M Kinnunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
Family Ses

BackgroundAlthough there is evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour in adolescents, different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) have rarely been compared within one data sample. We examined associations of five SES indicators with self-rated health (SRH) and smoking (ie, a leading cause of health inequalities) in Europe.MethodsData of adolescents aged 14–17 years old were obtained from the 2013 SILNE survey (smoking inequalities: learning from natural experiments), carried out in 50 schools in 6 European cities (N=10 900). Capturing subjective perceptions of relative SES and objective measures of education and wealth, we measured adolescents’ own SES (academic performance, pocket money), parental SES (parental educational level) and family SES (Family Affluence Scale, subjective social status (SSS)). Logistic regression models with SRH and smoking as dependent variables included all SES indicators, age and gender.ResultsCorrelations between SES indicators were weak to moderate. Low academic performance (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.51) and low SSS (OR=2.75, 95% CI 2.12 to 3.55) were the strongest indicators of poor SRH after adjusting for other SES-indicators. Results for SSS were consistent across countries, while associations with academic performance varied. Low academic performance (OR=5.71, 95% CI 4.63 to 7.06) and more pocket money (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.26) were most strongly associated with smoking in all countries.ConclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health were largest according to SES indicators more closely related to the adolescent’s education as well as the adolescent’s perception of relative family SES, rather than objective indicators of parental education and material family affluence. For future studies on adolescent health inequalities, consideration of adolescent-related SES indicators was recommended.

scholarly journals Educational Inequalities in Self-Rated Health in Europe and South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4504
Author(s):  
Minhye Kim ◽  
Young-Ho Khang ◽  
Hee-Yeon Kang ◽  
Hwa-Kyung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
High Level

While numerous comparative works on the magnitude of health inequalities in Europe have been conducted, there is a paucity of research that encompasses non-European nations such as Asian countries. This study was conducted to compare Europe and Korea in terms of educational health inequalities, with poor self-rated health (SRH) as the outcome variable. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017 were used (31 countries). Adult men and women aged 20+ years were included (207,245 men and 238,007 women). The age-standardized, sex-specific prevalence of poor SRH by educational level was computed. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated. The prevalence of poor SRH was higher in Korea than in other countries for both low/middle- and highly educated individuals. Among highly educated Koreans, the proportion of less healthy women was higher than that of less healthy men. Korea’s SII was the highest for men (15.7%) and the ninth-highest for women (10.4%). In contrast, Korea’s RII was the third-lowest for men (3.27), and the lowest among women (1.98). This high-SII–low-RII mix seems to have been generated by the high level of baseline poor SRH.

scholarly journals Explanatory factors for health inequalities across different ethnic and gender groups: data from a national survey in England

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Mindell ◽  
C S Knott ◽  
L S Ng Fat ◽  
M A Roth ◽  
O Manor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

scholarly journals Determinants of self-rated health and the role of acculturation: implications for health inequalities

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina L.G. Todorova ◽  
Katherine L. Tucker ◽  
Marcia Pescador Jimenez ◽  
Alisa K. Lincoln ◽  
Sandra Arevalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Self Rated Health

scholarly journals An Intersectional Analysis Providing More Precise Information on Inequities in Self-Rated Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wemrell ◽  
Nadja Karlsson ◽  
Raquel Perez Vicente ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
High Income ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy ◽  
Proportionate Universalism

Abstract Background: Intersectionality theory combined with an analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (AIHDA) can facilitate our understanding of health disparities. This enables the application of proportionate universalism for resource allocation in public health. Analyzing self-rated health (SRH) in Sweden, we show how an intersectional perspective allows for a detailed mapping of health inequalities while avoiding simplification and stigmatization based on indiscriminate interpretations of differences between group averages. Methods: We analyzed participants (n=133,244) in 14 consecutive National Public Health Surveys conducted in Sweden in 2004-2016 and 2018. Applying AIHDA, we investigated the risk of bad SRH across 12 intersectional strata defined by gender, income and migration status, adjusted by age and survey year. We calculated odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) to evaluate between-strata differences, using native-born men with high income as the comparison reference. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy of the intersectional strata for identifying individuals according to their SRH status. Results: The analysis of intersectional strata showed clear average differences in the risk of bad SRH. For instance, the risk was seven times higher for immigrated women with low income (OR 7.00 [95% CI 6.14-7.97]) than for native men with high income. However, the discriminatory accuracy of the intersectional strata was small (AU-ROC=0.67). Conclusions: The intersectional AIHDA approach provides more precise information on the existence (or the absence) of health inequalities, and can guide public health interventions according to the principle of proportionate universalism. The low discriminatory accuracy of the intersectional strata found in this study warrants universal interventions rather than interventions exclusively focused on strata with a higher average risk of bad SRH.

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