What motivates physicians to propose private services in a mixed private-public healthcare system? A mixed methods study

Background Implementation of private elements, including private insurances, in public healthcare system is now common in many countries, and its impacts have been well studied. Little, however, is known about the motives leading physicians, major role players in the system, to promote the usage of private services. The aim of this study was to explore the various motives leading physicians within public systems to propose private services to their patients, while examining the possible associations to their specialty and level of commitment. Methods A total of 197 physicians from specialisms loaded more to private/public sectors participated in a cross-sectional telephone survey regarding their attitudes on their practices, private insurances, access to healthcare, and job satisfaction. The association between the likert scale questions to their recommendation to purchase private insurance, and the commitment they felt towards patients were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) as well as logistic regression models. Results Our findings suggest physicians engaged in dual practice are less likely to promote private insurances among their patients if they are satisfied with their public job (OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.89,0.94). Physicians perceived private insurances as beneficial for patients, were found likely to promote them (OR = 1.65, %95CI 1.16, 2.35). The commitment physicians felt toward patients who paid out-of-pocket money was associated to their sense of being trusted and valued (OR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.33, 2.88; OR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.05, 2.13 respectively). Conclusion This study suggests a deeper understanding of physicians’ daily experience of the private-public mix and it’s consequences, and could provide a platform for future studies. Further studies on physician’s role in health privatization processes are needed, and could aid policymakers in their efforts to strengthen healthcare systems around the world.

The effect of project management through e-business and garage sales on poverty reduction

Poverty is one of the significant problems, and almost all countries worldwide face poverty issues that negatively impact society. This study is written to investigate the students' knowledge and awareness of poverty and interest level in conducting e-business and garage sales. Also, examine the relationship of knowledge and awareness on students' intention to conduct e-business and garage sales. There were 152 respondents from the same university who participated in this study. The data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics performed by SPSS-23 and SmartPLS 3.3.3. The survey showed that the student's knowledge and awareness of poverty are still lacking and need improvement. Half of the respondents said they are not familiar with SDG1, and they were not aware that their university has done an event related to SDG1 and poverty. There were 25% and 85% of students interested in conducting e-business and garage sales that increased their pocket money and reduced poverty rates among university students. Overall, this study's result shows a positive response from all respondents, and most of them have general ideas of poverty. In addition, this study has identified that the variable knowledge and awareness have a significant positive effect on student's intention to conduct e-business and garage sales.

Factors of Youth Satisfaction with Café Bars and Nightclubs in Zagreb

This paper deals with economic-geographical factors of student satisfaction with café bars and nightclubs in Zagreb. To gain insight into regional differences in student satisfaction and guided by the principles of non-probabilistic sampling using the snowball technique, an online survey was conducted (N = 319). Significant spatial differences in consumer satisfaction were detected. They are not only caused by macroeconomic indicators (average salaries), nor by material resources that students have at their disposal (pocket money and other income) but are greatly relational. In other words, the perception of the price difference between Zagreb and the county from which the respondents come proved to be extremely important. Finally, the location was the most important factor when students choose which café bar they are going to visit.

Pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo

This study aims to determine the effects of economic literacy, interest in learning, and lifestyle on pocket money management of students IPS 11th grade in SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. The type of study is a descriptive quantitative. The amount of population in this study is 171 students. The sample used is 120 students by using proportional random sampling. Data collection methods are tests and questionnaires distributed online. The results showed that students had a level of economic literacy in the sufficient category, high interest in learning, lifestyle in the high category, and pocket money management which is classified as high. The results also indicate that the variable of economic literacy has no significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money, while the variables of learning interest and lifestyle have a significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money. In this study, it was found that students need to improve economic literacy to find out the basis for making good economic decisions in everyday life. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 171 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 120 siswa dengan menggunakan proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data adalah tes dan kuesioner yang disebar secara online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki tingkat literasi ekonomi dalam kategori cukup, minat belajar yang tergolong tinggi, gaya hidup dalam kategori tinggi, dan manajemen uang saku yang tergolong tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa variabel literasi ekonomi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa, sedangkan variabel minat belajar dan gaya hidup berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa siswa perlu meningkatkan literasi ekonomi untuk mengetahui dasar pengambilan keputusan ekonomi yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Penerapan nilai-nilai pendidikan ekonomi keluarga dalam sektor bisnis UMKM di masa pandemi

Economics education of family is part of informal education which is done unprogrammed. Economics education of family is very important to be given to children to make them effective, efficient, and rational human beings in managing finances and utilizing existing resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the values of family economic education through family financial management, provision of pocket money, saving habits and living frugally, child consumption, and entrepreneurial spirit which is applied by families of MSMEs in Rejoso Hamlet, Junrejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study research type. The data collection stage includes observation, interviews, and documentation. The result of this research is that family financial management during the pandemic depends on the running business of the family, giving pocket money to children during the pandemic is carried out using a "need to ask" system. During the pandemic, the informant's child was saved from helping their parents' businesses. In terms of consumption, the informant's child has his expenditure record for each expenditure made. Informants also invite children to take part in the work of parents and involve children in family businesses and provide salaries to children like employees in general. Abstrak Pendidikan ekonomi keluarga merupakan bagian dari pendidikan informal yang dilaksanakan secara tidak terprogram. Pendidikan ekonomi keluarga sangat penting diberikan kepada anak untuk menjadikan anak sebagai manusia yang efektif, efisien dan rasional dalam mengelola keuangan dan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai pendidikan ekonomi keluarga melalui pengelolaan keuangan keluarga, pemberian uang saku, kebiasaan menabung & hidup hemat, konsumsi anak, dan semangat wirausaha yang diterapkan keluarga pelaku UMKM di Dusun Rejoso, Desa Junrejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Tahap pengumpulan data meliputi, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengelolaan keuangan keluarga pada masa pandemi tergantung pada usaha yang dijalankan, pemberian uang saku kepada anak pada masa pandemi dilakukan dengan sistem “butuh minta”. Pada masa pandemi, anak informan menabung dari hasil membantu usaha orang tua. Dalam hal berkonsumsi, anak informan memiliki catatan pengeluaran sendiri untuk setiap pengeluaran yang dilakukan. Informan juga mengajak anak untuk ikut serta dalam pekerjaan orang tua serta melibatkan anak dalam usaha keluarga dan memberikan gaji kepada anak seperti karyawan pada umumnya.

IDENTIFYING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN MILLENIAL GENERATION

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the effect of financial knowledge, financial attitudes, financial socialization, locus of control on financial management behavior. The research sample is the millennial generation in Batam City which was selected by purposive sampling method who were born in 1984–1999. Research data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using normality, validity, heteroscedasticity, and t and F tests. The results of this study concluded that financial knowledge, financial attitudes, primary agents of financial socialization, secondary agents of financial socialization, childhood consumer experiences had a significant positive effect on financial management behavior, while other variables are not significant. The managerial implications are doing financial planning, building a saving pattern, having a sense of responsibility, and setting financial goals. Parents are expected to provide financial concepts since childhood, build the habit of saving since childhood by giving pocket money and teach how to allocate money. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh pengetahuan keuangan, sikap keuangan, sosialisasi keuangan, locus of control terhadap perilaku pengelolaan keuangan. Sampel penelitian adalah generasi milenial di Kota Batam yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling yang lahir pada tahun 1984–1999. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, validitas, heteroskedesitas, dan uji t dan F. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan keuangan, sikap keuangan, agen primer sosialisasi keuangan, agen sekunder sosialisasi keuangan, pengalaman konsumen masa kecil berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap perilaku pengelolaan keuangan, sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak signfikan. Implikasi manajerial adalah melakukan perencanaan keuangan, membangun pola menabung, memiliki rasa tanggung jawab, dan menetapkan tujuan keuangan. Orang tua diharapkan memberikan konsep keuangan sejak kecil, membangun kebiasaan menabung sejak kecil dengan memberikan uang saku dan mengajarkan cara mengalokasikan uang.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Model for Assessing Factors Associated with Junk Food Consumption of Secondary Level Students

Background: Globalization, economic progress, urbanization, and industrialization have ushered in considerable changes in lifestyles and diet regimes. Consumption of junk food has surged at a rapid pace nowadays. In Nepal, there is a lack of sufficient research regarding junk food practices and persuading factors for its consumption, among teenage students. It is a global concern and has threatened the health of many people. Objective: This research aims to explore the factors associated with junk food consumption among students of secondary level in Ratnanagar Municipality of Chitwan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design consisting of 371 secondary level students, and selection based on primary data collection method by the researchers was used in this study. The data was analyzed using descriptive as well as an inferential statistical method. To find the association of different factors with junk food consumption levels (Low, Moderate, and High) multinomial logistic regression model (MLRM) was used, and the goodness of fit of the model was assessed. Results: The fitted MLRM satisfied the criteria of the diagnostic test including a test of goodness of fit, multi-collinearity test, and minimum criteria of the model utilization with the classification accuracy of 55%. The variables like family monthly income (OR=1.000011, C.I=1.000001 - 1.000020), students’ daily pocket money (OR=1.02, C.I=1.007 - 1.033), gender (OR=0.354, C.I= 0.179 - 0.7), knowledge regarding junk food consumption (OR=2.744, C.I=1.366 - 5.511), attitude towards food choice (OR=2.487, C.I=1.288 – 4.803), friend’s encouragement for junk food consumption (OR=0.178, C.I=0.045 – 0.701), and occupation of father (business) (OR=2.867, C.I=1.084 – 7.581) are seen to be significant to the model High versus Low consumption. Students’ daily pocket money (OR=1.012, C.I=1.002 – 1.023), knowledge regarding junk food consumption (OR=2.427, C.I=1.293 – 4.553), restrictive food parenting practice (OR=2.228, C.I=0.945 – 5.253), friend’s encouragement for junk food consumption (OR=0.252, C.I=0.067 – 0.944), recognition of marketing promotion strategy (OR=0.523, C.I=0.295 – 0.928), educational level of mother (lower secondary level) (OR=5.465, C.I=1.069 – 27.952), occupation of father (business) (OR=2.47, C.I=1.056 – 5.777) are seen to be significant to the model Moderate versus Low consumption. Conclusion: Study revealed that more than one-fourth of the sampled students were high consumers of junk foods. Many factors are associated with the consumption of junk foods. Thus, addressing the issue of increasing consumption, developing strategies & conducting different research in this field is the must. Concerned authorities should also pay special attention to this subject matter.

Education about Learning Motivation, Time Management, and Pocket Money Management for Students of Strada Bhakti Utama Junior High School

Covid-19 pandemic has raised several problems faced by students including declining motivation to learn, lack of time to do independent assignments, and reduced amount of pocket money given by parents. This community service (CS) was designed to assist students in overcoming these problems through online education and training activities to increase students’ learning motivation and increase literacy on time management and pocket money management. Partners in this CS activity were 53 students of Strada Bhakti Utama Junior High School. The method of implementing activities used are counselling, exercises, and questions and answers. The success rate of this CS program was measured from analysis of the pre-test and post-test results conducted before and after the activity as well as from assessment of students' accuracy in answering online quiz questions. Based on results of pre-test and post-test analysis, CS activities through education and training on learning motivation, time management, and pocket money management were proven to be able to increase students' understanding of the importance of managing pocket money, saving, managing time, motivation, and source of motivators in life. In addition, based on the results of online quiz assessments, most students could answer correctly the questions about the material presented.

THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE, RELIGIOSITY, AND POCKET MONEY ON STUDENTS' INTEREST FOR SAVING IN SHARIA COMMERCIAL BANKS

This research aims to determine the effect of Knowledge, Religiosity, and Pocket Money on interest for saving in shariah banks. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and using primary data with a population of 503 students from the Faculty of Economics at the State University of Jakarta. The sample selection was done by proportional random sampling technique which resulted 205 samples. Data analysis uses several regression analyses with the help of SPSS. The results showed: (1) Partial knowledge has a positive and significant effect on interest in saving. (2) Partial religiosity does not affect interest in saving. (3) Partial pocket money has a positive and significant effect on interest in saving. (4) Knowledge, religiosity and pocket money simultaneously affect interest in saving.