scholarly journals Practical determination of HVAC – HVDC Hybridization ratio for Offshore Transmission network Architectures through technico-economic considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (27) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Pibernat Roses ◽  
Bruno Francois
Keyword(s):  
Network Architectures ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Hybridization Ratio

scholarly journals Drawing transmission graphs for COVID-19 in the perspective of network science

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gürsakal ◽  
B. Batmaz ◽  
G. Aktuna
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Discrete Pareto Distribution ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract When we consider a probability distribution about how many COVID-19-infected people will transmit the disease, two points become important. First, there could be super-spreaders in these distributions/networks and second, the Pareto principle could be valid in these distributions/networks regarding estimation that 20% of cases were responsible for 80% of local transmission. When we accept that these two points are valid, the distribution of transmission becomes a discrete Pareto distribution, which is a kind of power law. Having such a transmission distribution, then we can simulate COVID-19 networks and find super-spreaders using the centricity measurements in these networks. In this research, in the first we transformed a transmission distribution of statistics and epidemiology into a transmission network of network science and second we try to determine who the super-spreaders are by using this network and eigenvalue centrality measure. We underline that determination of transmission probability distribution is a very important point in the analysis of the epidemic and determining the precautions to be taken.

scholarly journals Drawing transmission graphs for COVID-19 in the perspective of network science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necmi Gursakal ◽  
Bulent Batmaz ◽  
Gamze Aktuna
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Discrete Pareto Distribution

When we consider a probability distribution about how many COVID-19 infected people will transmit the disease, two points become important. First, there should be super-spreaders in these distributions/networks and secondly, the Pareto principle should be valid in these distributions/networks. When we accept that these two points are valid, the distribution of transmission becomes a discrete Pareto distribution, which is a kind of power law. Having such a transmission distribution, then we can simulate COVID-19 networks and find super-spreaders using the centricity measurements in these networks. In this research, in the first we transformed a transmission distribution of statistics and epidemiology into a transmission network of network science and secondly we try to determine who the super-spreaders are by using this network and eigenvalue centrality measure. We underline that determination of transmission probability distribution is a very important point in the analysis of the epidemic and determining the precautions to be taken.

scholarly journals A fekete hajók előtt

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2018/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Whaling Industry ◽  
Perry Expedition ◽  
Economic Considerations

It is a well-known fact in Japanese historiography that the country was openedup to Western powers by the American Perry expedition in 1853, dubbed inJapan ’the arrival of the black ships’. However, those ships did not comeout of nowhere; there had been various earlier attempts to establish diplomaticand commercial relations with Japan, first by Russia and later by other Westernpowers. These attempts sparked heated debates in Japan regarding the dangercaused by the foreign ships and the best way to avoid this menace. In this paper, after providing a brief description of earlier initiativesaimed at establishing diplomatic relations with Japan, I concentrate on UnitedStates foreign policy vis-à-vis Japan: the USA came into contact with Japanthrough its thriving whaling industry, as in the 1820s US whalers frequentedthe waters close to Japan. Later various economic considerations led to thedecision to organize an expedition to Japan to effectively ensure that Japaneseports would receive US ships and to open the country for commerce. Thesuccess of the US expedition was due to various factors, not least the motivation and determination of its leader, Matthew C. Perry.

Damages in Investor-State Arbitration: Current Issues and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-86
Author(s):  
Irmgard Marboe
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Economic Considerations

AbstractThe assessment of damages in investor-state arbitration involves complex legal and economic considerations. Particular challenges arise from the interdisciplinary nature of this endeavor. The present issue discusses some of the pertinent specificities in investor-state disputes reflecting the tensions between sovereignty and self-determination of states and their legal obligations towards foreign investors. These tensions are primarily present in the context of expropriation, but also commitments undertaken by states in bilateral investment treaties and contracts as well as changing economic circumstances need to be taken into consideration. The lack of valuation principles that are uniformly accepted and implemented leads to uncertainty and unpredictability in practice. The present volume analyses some of the most controversial and unsettled issues, including the choice of the valuation date, appropriate valuation methods, moral damages, and the awarding of interest.

scholarly journals New Autonomous Intelligent Sensor Design Approach for Multiple Parameter Inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Umberto Michelucci ◽  
Francesca Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
First Time

The determination of multiple parameters via luminescence sensing is of great interest for many applications in different fields, like biosensing and biological imaging, medicine, and diagnostics. The typical approach consists in measuring multiple quantities and in applying complex and frequently just approximated mathematical models to characterize the sensor response. The use of machine learning to extract information from measurements in sensors have been tried in several forms before. But one of the problems with the approaches so far, is the difficulty in getting a training dataset that is representative of the measurements done by the sensor. Additionally, extracting multiple parameters from a single measurement has been so far an impossible problem to solve efficiently in luminescence. In this work a new approach is described for building an autonomous intelligent sensor, which is able to produce the training dataset self-sufficiently, use it for training a neural network, and then use the trained model to do inference on measurements done on the same hardware. For the first time the use of machine learning additionally allows to extract two parameters from one single measurement using multitask learning neural network architectures. This is demonstrated here by a dual oxygen concentration and temperature sensor.

Optimal Synthesis and Operation of Thermal Systems by the Thermoeconomic Functional Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Frangopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Economic Considerations

Methods developed for optimization of thermal systems usually work on a predetermined configuration of the system. Consequently, in order to select the best system, it is necessary to apply the method separately for each possible configuration and compare the results. The designer’s work would be significantly facilitated, if the optimization method could synthesize the optimal configuration of the system automatically. Such a method is presented here, based on the Thermoeconomic Functional Approach (TFA). TFA is a method developed for optimal design or improvement of complex thermal systems. It combines thermodynamic concepts with economic considerations in a systems approach. A thermal system is considered as a set of interrelated units; each unit has one particular function (purpose, or product). The documented determination of the function of the system as a whole and of each unit individually is achieved by functional analysis. The problem is mathematically formulated (objective function, constraints) at two levels: (A) optimization of operation, (B) optimization of the configuration and the design of the system. The solution is obtained by a two-level algorithm. As an example, the method is used to optimize a cogeneration system supplying a process plant with heat and electricity, which are known functions of time.

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