scholarly journals Drawing transmission graphs for COVID-19 in the perspective of network science

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gürsakal ◽  
B. Batmaz ◽  
G. Aktuna
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Discrete Pareto Distribution ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract When we consider a probability distribution about how many COVID-19-infected people will transmit the disease, two points become important. First, there could be super-spreaders in these distributions/networks and second, the Pareto principle could be valid in these distributions/networks regarding estimation that 20% of cases were responsible for 80% of local transmission. When we accept that these two points are valid, the distribution of transmission becomes a discrete Pareto distribution, which is a kind of power law. Having such a transmission distribution, then we can simulate COVID-19 networks and find super-spreaders using the centricity measurements in these networks. In this research, in the first we transformed a transmission distribution of statistics and epidemiology into a transmission network of network science and second we try to determine who the super-spreaders are by using this network and eigenvalue centrality measure. We underline that determination of transmission probability distribution is a very important point in the analysis of the epidemic and determining the precautions to be taken.

scholarly journals Drawing transmission graphs for COVID-19 in the perspective of network science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necmi Gursakal ◽  
Bulent Batmaz ◽  
Gamze Aktuna
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Discrete Pareto Distribution

When we consider a probability distribution about how many COVID-19 infected people will transmit the disease, two points become important. First, there should be super-spreaders in these distributions/networks and secondly, the Pareto principle should be valid in these distributions/networks. When we accept that these two points are valid, the distribution of transmission becomes a discrete Pareto distribution, which is a kind of power law. Having such a transmission distribution, then we can simulate COVID-19 networks and find super-spreaders using the centricity measurements in these networks. In this research, in the first we transformed a transmission distribution of statistics and epidemiology into a transmission network of network science and secondly we try to determine who the super-spreaders are by using this network and eigenvalue centrality measure. We underline that determination of transmission probability distribution is a very important point in the analysis of the epidemic and determining the precautions to be taken.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

scholarly journals A general stochastic model for bivariate episodes driven by a gamma sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Amponsah ◽  
Tomasz J. Kozubowski ◽  
Anna K. Panorska
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Integral Transforms ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Conditional Distributions ◽  
General Stochastic Model ◽  
Heavy Tailed ◽  
Discrete Pareto Distribution ◽  
Special Case

AbstractWe propose a new stochastic model describing the joint distribution of (X,N), where N is a counting variable while X is the sum of N independent gamma random variables. We present the main properties of this general model, which include marginal and conditional distributions, integral transforms, moments and parameter estimation. We also discuss in more detail a special case where N has a heavy tailed discrete Pareto distribution. An example from finance illustrates the modeling potential of this new mixed bivariate distribution.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

scholarly journals Network-based Observability and Controllability Analysis of Dynamical Systems: the NOCAD toolbox

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Dániel Leitold ◽  
Ágnes Vathy-Fogarassy ◽  
János Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Structural Controllability ◽  
Controllability And Observability

The network science-based determination of driver nodes and sensor placement has become increasingly popular in the field of dynamical systems over the last decade. In this paper, the applicability of the methodology in the field of life sciences is introduced through the analysis of the neural network of Caenorhabditis elegans. Simultaneously, an Octave and MATLAB-compatible NOCAD toolbox is proposed that provides a set of methods to automatically generate the relevant structural controllability and observability associated measures for linear or linearised systems and compare the different sensor placement methods.

Statistical Model of a Thin Film Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
E.L. Kuleshov ◽  
Vladimir S. Plotnikov ◽  
Evgenii V. Pustovalov ◽  
T.S. Ostachenova
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Informational Entropy ◽  
Thin Film Formation ◽  
Conditional Unit

This paper presents a model of a thin film formation process of an amorphous alloy as a sequential procedure when a conditional unit of substance is randomly thrown onto a substrate at each next step. The islands of a precipitant are generated on the substrate with an increase of number of steps (density defects of substance). We determine the probability distribution of an island area, which shows the maximum informational entropy. An algorithm for computing estimates of parameters of this distribution is obtained. The results of processing experimental data are presented. We demonstrate that the proposed distribution is more consistent with the experimental data than the Pareto distribution.

scholarly journals On the truncated Pareto distribution with applications

Open Physics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zaninetti ◽  
Mario Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Pareto Tails ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Truncated Pareto

AbstractThe Pareto probability distribution is widely applied in different fields such us finance, physics, hydrology, geology and astronomy. This note deals with an application of the Pareto distribution to astrophysics and more precisely to the statistical analysis of masses of stars and of diameters of asteroids. In particular a comparison between the usual Pareto distribution and its truncated version is presented. Finally, a possible physical mechanism that produces Pareto tails for the distribution of the masses of stars is presented.

scholarly journals INTERPLAY BETWEEN HIV/AIDS EPIDEMICS AND DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURES BASED ON SEXUAL CONTACT NETWORKS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 1025-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-JIE BAI ◽  
TAO ZHOU ◽  
BING-HONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Aids

In this article, we propose a network spreading model for HIV epidemics, wherein each individual is represented by a node of the transmission network and the edges are the connections between individuals along which the infection may spread. The sexual activity of each individual, measured by its degree, is not homogeneous but obeys a power-law distribution. Due to the heterogeneity of activity, the infection can persistently exist at a very low prevalence, which has been observed in the real data but cannot be illuminated by previous models with homogeneous mixing hypothesis. The model displays a clear picture of hierarchical spread: In the early stage the infection is adhered to these high-risk persons, and then, diffuses toward low-risk population. Furthermore, we find that to reduce the risky behaviors is much more effective in the fight against HIV/AIDS rather than the antiretroviral drug therapies. The prediction results show that the development of epidemics can be roughly categorized into three patterns for different countries, and the pattern of a given country is mainly determined by the average sex-activity and transmission probability per sexual partner. In most cases, the effect of HIV epidemics on demographic structure is very small. However, for some extremely countries, like Botswana, the number of sex-active people can be depressed to nearly a half by AIDS.

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