Associations between geographic region and immune response variations to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Prophylactic administration of antipyretics at the time of immunization seems to decrease some side effects, however reduced immune responses have been reported in some studies. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of prophylactic use of antipyretics on the immune response following administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies concerning the immune response to PCVs after antipyretic administration was performed up to November 2020 in the electronic databases of Pubmed and Scopus. Results Of the 3956 citations retrieved, a total of 5 randomized control trials including 2775 children were included in the review. Included studies were referred to PCV10 (3 studies), PCV7 and PCV13 (one study each). The prophylactic administration of paracetamol decreased the immune response to certain pneumococcal serotypes in all included studies. The effect was more evident following primary vaccination and with immediate administration of paracetamol. Despite the reductions in antibody geometric mean concentrations, a robust memory response was observed following the booster dose. Besides, antibody titers remained above protective levels in 88–100% of participants. The use of ibuprofen, that was evaluated in two studies, did not seem to affect the immunogenicity of PCVs . Conclusion Although the reviewed studies had significant heterogeneity in design, paracetamol administration seems to affect the immune response for certain serotypes. The clinical significance of reduced immunogenicity especially before booster dose needs further investigation.

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Immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants after two or three primary vaccinations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (52) ◽

pp. 9600-9606 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Simon Rückinger ◽

Ron Dagan ◽

Lucia Albers ◽

Katharina Schönberger ◽

Rüdiger von Kries

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

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Interchangeability between Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Value in Health Regional Issues ◽

10.1016/j.vhri.2015.12.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 24-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Agustín Ciapponi ◽

Alison Lee ◽

Ariel Bardach ◽

Demián Glujovsky ◽

Lucila Rey-Ares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

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Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

10.1101/2021.09.11.21262855 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Lv ◽

Xufei Luo ◽

Quan Shen ◽

Ruobing Lei ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Immune Response ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Protective Effects

AbstractAimTo identify the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 database, and CNKI were searched on 23 July 2021. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) was also searched to collect ongoing trials. We included published researches or ongoing clinical trials related to the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children or adolescents (aged ≤18 years). Meta-analysis was performed if the consistency of the included studies was high. If not, descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsEight published studies with 2851 children or adolescents and 28 ongoing clinical trials were included. Among eight published studies, two (25.0%) were RCTs, two (25.0%) case series, and four (50.0%) case reports. The results showed selected COVID-19 vaccines had a good safety profile in children and adolescents. Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, and chest pain were the most common adverse events. Some studies reported a few cases of myocarditis and pericarditis. Two RCTs showed that the immune response to BNT162b2 in adolescents aged 12-15 years was non-inferior to that in young people aged 16-25 years, while a stronger immune response was detected with 3μg CoronaVac injection. Only one single RCT showed the efficacy of BNT162b2 was 100% (95% CI: 75.3 to 100). Of the 28 ongoing clinical trials, twenty-three are interventional studies. Fifteen countries are conducting interventional clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. Among them, China (10, 43.5%) and United Stated (9, 39.1%) were the top two countries with the most trials. BNT162b2 was the most common vaccine, which is under testing.ConclusionSome of the COVID-19 vaccines have potential protective effects in children and adolescents, but awareness is needed to monitor possible adverse effects after injection. Clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents with long follow-up, large sample size, and different vaccines are still urgently needed.

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