Preparation and characterization of cyclodextrin nanosponges for organic toxic molecule removal

Babchi (Psoralea corylifolia) oil is an important essential oil used in several traditional medicines to cure various disorders. This phytotherapeutic agent possesses number of pharmacological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumor. However, volatile nature, poor stability and solubility of babchi oil (BO) restrict its pharmaceutical applications. Hence, the aim of the present work was to encapsulate this oil in β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS) in order to overcome above limitations. To fabricate nanosponges, β-cyclodextrin was crosslinked with diphenyl carbonate in different molar ratios viz.1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10. The blank nanosponges were loaded with babchi oil using freeze-drying method. Particle size of the babchi oil loaded nanosponges was found to lie between 200-500 nm, with low polydispersity index. Further, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electron microscopy were carried out for characterization of babchi oil nanosponges. Results obtained from spectral analysis ascertained the formation of inclusion complexes. Additionally, solubilisation efficiency of the babchi oil was checked in distilled water and found enhanced by 4.95 times with optimized β-cyclodextrin nanosponges. The cytotoxicity study was carried out by MTT assay using HaCaT cell lines. A significant improvement in photostability of essential oil was also observed by inclusion in   nanosponges. Lastly, the optimized formulation was tested for antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Hence, encapsulation of BO in nanosponges resulted in efficacious carrier system in terms of solubility, photostability as well as safety of this oil along with handling benefits.

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Novel dithranol loaded cyclodextrin nanosponges for augmentation of solubility, photostability and cytocompatibility

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716666201215165552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar ◽

Rekha Rao

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Rational Engineering ◽

Cyclodextrin Nanosponges ◽

Vitro Release ◽

Poor Stability

Background: Drug loaded β-cyclodextrin based nanosponges (CDNS) are of special interest for the entrapment of moieties with the view to address their physicochemical challenges, and to improve their delivery characteristics and utility. Dithranol (DTH), the standard drug for psoriasis, has poor stability and solubility, which limits its pharmaceutical applications. Objective: The objective of the current study was to entrap DTH in CDNS in order to alleviate the above-mentioned challenges. Methods: To synthesize CDNS, β-cyclodextrin was treated with diphenyl carbonate in various molar ratios. The obtained placebo CDNS were loaded with DTH by lyophilisation. The particle size of the DTH loaded CDNS was found to lie between 150 and 450 nm, with narrow polydispersity index range. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential and electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted for characterization of DTH-CDNS. Results: Findings from spectral examinations confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes. Solubilisation efficiency of DTH (in distilled water), was found augmented 4.54 folds with optimized CDNS. The cytocompatibility study was performed by the MTT assay employing THP1 cell lines. A remarkable amelioration in stability and photostability of DTH was also observed, by its inclusion in nanosponges. Conclusion: In nutshell, we report the rational engineering and characterization of DTH loaded cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, and subsequently, their stepwise screening for photostability, in vitro release, in vitro cytocompatibility, in vitro antioxidant and in vitro inflammatory activity in a top-down manner, yielding the best carrier for this drug.

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Preparation and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and Study on Enhancing the Solubility of Insoluble Nicosulfuron

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/774/1/012108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 774 ◽

pp. 012108

Author(s):

Xiaofang Liu ◽

Wei Li ◽

Guangshan Xuan

Keyword(s):

Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

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Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Gold Nanoparticles for Potential Application in the Photothermal Release of Melphalan and Cytoxan

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6446

Author(s):

Sebastián Salazar ◽

Nicolás Yutronic ◽

Marcelo J. Kogan ◽

Paul Jara

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Release ◽

Inclusion Compounds ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Cyclodextrin Nanosponges ◽

Release Studies ◽

Tumor Drugs

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-based nano-sponges (NS) inclusion compounds (IC) with the anti-tumor drugs melphalan (MPH) and cytoxan (CYT), and the addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto both systems, for the potential release of the drugs by means of laser irradiation. The NS-MPH and NS-CYT inclusion compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–Vis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Thus, the inclusion of MPH and CYT inside the cavities of NSs was confirmed. The association of AuNPs with the ICs was confirmed by SEM, EDS, TEM, and UV–Vis. Drug release studies using NSs synthesized with different molar ratios of β-cyclodextrin and diphenylcarbonate (1:4 and 1:8) demonstrated that the ability of NSs to entrap and release the drug molecules depends on the crosslinking between the cyclodextrin monomers. Finally, irradiation assays using a continuous laser of 532 nm showed that photothermal drug release of both MPH and CYT from the cavities of NSs via plasmonic heating of AuNPs is possible.

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Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051281 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

T. A. Rado

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽

Complete Lysis ◽

Lysogenic Culture ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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