scholarly journals In vivo allergenic activity of a hypoallergenic mutant of the major fish allergen Cyp c 1 evaluated by means of skin testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-495.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Douladiris ◽  
Birgit Linhart ◽  
Ines Swoboda ◽  
Antonia Gstöttner ◽  
Emilia Vassilopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Allergenic Activity

Capturing Age-Dependent Properties of Human Skin Using Magnetorheological Elastomers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Weaver ◽  
Jeong-Hoi Koo ◽  
Tae-Heon Yang ◽  
Young-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Skin Samples

Artificial and synthetic skins are widely used in the medical field; used in applications ranging from skin grafts to suture training pads. There is a growing need for artificial skins with tunable properties. However, current artificial skins do not take into account the variability of mechanical properties between individual humans as well as the age-dependent properties of human skin. Furthermore, there has been little development in artificial skins based on these properties. Thus, the primary purpose of this research is to develop variable stiffness artificial skin samples using magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) whose properties that can be controlled using external magnetic fields. In this study, multiple MRE skin samples were fabricated with varying filler particle volume contents. Using a precision dynamic mechanical analyzer, a series of indenting experiments were performed on the samples to characterize their mechanical properties. The samples were tested using a spherical indenter that indented a total depth of 1 mm with a speed of 0.01 mm/s and unloaded at the same rate. The results show that the modulus or stiffness increases significantly as the iron percent (w/w) in the sample increases. Additionally, the stiffness of the sample increases proportional to the intensity of the applied external magnetic field. To assess the MRE samples’ variability of properties, the testing results were compared with in vivo human skin testing data. The results show the MRE samples are feasible to represent the age-dependent stiffness demonstrated in in vivo human skin testing. The MRE materials studied will be further studied as a variable-stiffness skin model in medical devices, such as radial pulse simulators.

scholarly journals Development of a Human Gamma Interferon Enzyme Immunoassay and Comparison with Tuberculin Skin Testing for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuket Desem ◽  
Stephen L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT A sensitive two-step simultaneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been developed and used as an in vitro test for human tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with tuberculin skin testing. The EIA was shown to be highly sensitive, detecting less than 0.5 IU of recombinant human IFN-γ per ml within a linear detection range of 0.5 to 150 IU/ml. The assay was highly reproducible and specific for native IFN-γ. In addition, the assay detected chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, and squirrel monkey IFN-γs. Cross-reactions with other human cytokines or with IFN-γs derived from mice, cattle, or Old World monkeys were not evident. The assay was used to detect TB infection by incubating whole blood overnight with human, avian, and bovine tuberculin purified protein derivatives (PPDs), as well as positive (mitogen)- and negative-control preparations. The levels of IFN-γ in plasma supernatants were then determined. Blood from 10 tuberculin skin test-positive individuals responded predominantly to the human tuberculin PPD antigen and to a lesser extent to bovine and avian PPD antigens. By contrast, blood from 10 skin test-negative individuals showed minimal responses or no response to any of the tuberculin PPDs. Detectable levels of IFN-γ were present in all blood samples stimulated with mitogen. In vivo tuberculin reactivity was correlated with IFN-γ responsiveness in vitro. These results support the further study of the blood culture–IFN-γ EIA system as an alternative to skin testing for the detection of human TB infection.

scholarly journals Varying Allergen Composition and Content Affects the in vivo Allergenic Activity of Commercial Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Casset ◽  
Adriano Mari ◽  
Ashok Purohit ◽  
Yvonne Resch ◽  
Margit Weghofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽  
Allergenic Activity

scholarly journals Interdigital skin test for evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity and monitoring cell-mediated immune responses in chickens

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Miljkovic ◽  
L. Peric ◽  
M. Velhner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

A skin test to assess cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity (DH) used to evaluated immune response of chickens. Results of many study indicated, that skin testing is especially useful as a simple in vivo screening to evaluate normal and suppressed T-cell mediated DH. Chickens were sensitized with using mitogens, B and T-cell dependent antigen by intradermal injection. The most feathered skin of chickens is too thin for adequate intradermal injections, so the wattle is the standard site for skin testing, however, in younger than 2 or 3 weeks old chickens, the wattle is undeveloped and intradermal injection and measurement of response are difficult. A simple interdigital skin used by many of the authors. Skin swelling response and DH reaction were measured in mm before injections and after. The skin test and DH in vivo results edemas-initiating characteristics of sensitizing agents, which increase in skin thickness detectable after 4- 6 hours of application. Many of investigation results suggests that healthy chickens are able to have strong immune response and support the concept that some changes in the cell-mediated immune response and other pathogens may potentially affect immune response.

scholarly journals Allergen Content and in vivo Allergenic Activity of House Dust Mite Extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Casset ◽  
Rudolf Valenta ◽  
Susanne Vrtala
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
House Dust Mite ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Allergenic Activity ◽  
Allergen Content

Different allergenic activity of grass pollen allergens revealed by skin testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Westritschnig ◽  
F. Horak ◽  
I. Swoboda ◽  
N. Balic ◽  
S. Spitzauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Pollen Allergens ◽  
Allergenic Activity

scholarly journals LEVOFLOXACIN ORAL CHALLENGE TEST

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Taha Qureshi ◽  
Roohi Rasool ◽  
Qurteeba Qadri ◽  
Talib Khan ◽  
Zafar Amin Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
British Society ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Oral Challenge Test

Drug allergy is one type of adverse reaction to drugs and encompasses a spectrum of hypersensitivity reactions with heterogeneous mechanisms and clinical presentations. It has been defined by the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) as 'an ADR with an established immunological mechanism' 1,2 . Diagnostic procedures in allergy diagnosis can be classified into  the patient's history, in vivo skin testing, in vitro laboratory tests  and provocation tests 3 . In situations in which there is a definite medical need for a particular agent, no suitable alternative agent exists, there are primarily two options for the patient with a drug allergy; a procedure to induce temporary drug tolerance can be performed to allow the patient to take the drug safely or a test dose or graded challenge can be administered to determine whether the patient is currently allergic to the particular drug .4  JMS 2016; 19(2):97-98 

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