Thermoluminescence Sensitization of Phyllite Natural Rock

A sensitization procedure is used to enhance the thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity of phyllite to emit radiation. Phyllite is a type of foliated metamorphic rock made from slate. This study examines naturally grown phyllite rock, which had not been previously studied. Using a Thermo 3500 manual reader, the TL sensitivity of phyllite as a function of dosage was measured. The doses required to perform this study were administered using a 60Co source. The statistical regression test of the data had a significance level of p < 0.05. The study also included thermal and pre-dose effects. Using the sensitization procedure, the nonlinearity in TL dose–response was removed, and the sensitivity was increased 44 times that of its original value. The fading study showed a dependence on the test dose. According to the obtained results, the combination of linear dose–response and high sensitivity to gamma radiation makes phyllite an important rock for dating and retrospective dosimetry.

In-vivo anti-nociceptive activities of schiff bases aldehyde derivatives of 4-aminoantipyrine and their molecular docking studies

In this study, the anti-nociceptive potential of Schiff bases derivatives of 4-aminoantioyrine, (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-2, 3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1, 2dihydropyrazol-5-one 1 and (Z)-4-(2-nitrobenzylideneamino)-2, 3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1-2-dihydropyrazol-5-one 2 were tested in various mice pain models and their binding affinities with different drug targets were evaluated through molecular docking studies. The binding scores were calculated through molecular docking techniques for receptor sensitivity. Acute toxicity test suggests the safety of both compounds up 200 mg/kg. In the righting test, compound 1 and 2 had a significant effect in a dose-dependent manner and showed 59.46% and 48.40% blockade of pain at 150 mg/kg, respectively. In the formalin test, dose-dependently compound 1 showed 52.95% and 62.02% of inhibition in the early and late phase at 150 mg/kg. Similarly, Compound 2 showed 45.74% and 55.95% inhibition in the early and late phases at 150 mg/kg, respectively. In the tail immersion test, both compounds caused significant pain inhibition during various assessment times with maximum effects at 74.94% and 66.80% for 1 and 2 respectively at 150 mg/kg after 120 min. In molecular docking studies, compounds 1 and 2 showed a greater affinity for LOX with a docking score of –6.50 and 6.57 respectively. Similarly, for compounds 1 and 2 the docking was –4.94 and –4.83 with COX-1 while –5.10 and –4.85 with COX-2, respectively. Taken together, both the compounds exhibited marked antinociceptive effects in various pain-induced models possibly mediated by inhibition of LOX and COX pathways.

Evaluation of Silicon Nutrition on Yield, Growth Attributes and Available Nutrient Status of Paddy in Coastal Zone of Odisha

A field experiment was conducted in the central farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Coastal Zone OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during kharif 2020 using cv-Lalat variety of Rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) slag was used as a source of silica for application to rice crop. 200, 300 and 400 kg SiO2/ha was applied in combination with 50% STD (Soil Test Dose) and 75% STD to assess the efficacy of Silica with reduction in fertilizer dose by 50% and 25%. It was shown that increase in number of effective tillers (7.8) per plant and length of the panicle (25.8 cm), but no significant increase was marked in case of 1000 grain weight (gm.) over control. In case of grain yield, straw yield and harvest index, 100% STD (T4) registered maximum (36.9q/ha) grain yield which was 29.4% more than that of control. Of course, grain yield in case of T9 i.e., 75% STD+300 kg SiO2/ha was at par 36.2q/ha indicated efficacy of silica application by reducing fertilizer dose. Harvest index was not affected by Si treatments. However, maximum HI (0.478) was observed in T9. Available N, P, K and S status in post-harvest soil was increased due to application of silica along with fertilizer over control indicated better availability of nutrients which plays a vital role in increasing production and productivity of rice. The study revealed that the DTPA extractable Fe and Mn content decreased, and Cu and Zn content increased with increased application of silica. Though 100% STD (T4) was found to be very effective as compared to other treatments but 75% STD + 300kgSiO2/ha was also equally effective so far as yield, growth attributing characters, available nutrient status of paddy.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Figs Leaves (Ficus carica L.) with SGOT & SGPT Parameters in Sprague Dawley Female Rats Induced by Paracetamol

Background: Long-term usage of paracetamol damages liver cells characterized by the increasing levels of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). Figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain high flavonoid compounds that able to act as hepatoprotector agents which inhibited the process of liver damage. Objectives: This study aims to determine the dose characteristics and hepatoprotective activity of figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract. Material and Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of figs extract (Ficus carica L.) was determined by measuring SGPT & SGOT levels in rat blood. 42 rats were prepared, divided into 7 groups: normal control group, negative control given paracetamol with a dose 40 mg/200 g BW, positive control given hepamax®, base control given Na CMC, and 3 test dose groups given figs leaves extract with a dose of 40 mg/200 g BW, 80 mg BW/200 g BW and 160 mg/200 g BW. The treatment was carried out for 14 consecutive days. Paracetamol was given for 14 days, while positive control, 3 test dose groups and base control were given on day 7 to day 14. Rats blood samples were taken through the orbital sinuses on day 1, day 5, day 10 and day 14 after treatment began. SGPT & SGOT levels were determined using spectrophotometry with analytical methods using specific SGPT & SGOT reagent kits. Results: The results showed that the leaves extract of figs (Ficus carica L.) proved to be able to reduce the levels of SGPT & SGOT with the most potent dosage was 40 mg/200 g BW. However, the reduction of SGPT & SGOT levels were not significantly different from other treatments. Conclusions: Figs (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract showed activity as a hepatoprotective agent, based on the reduction of SGPT & SGOT levels in rat after 14 days of treatment.

Evaluasi Pemberian Obat Diminazene Aceturate Secara In Vivo Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinfeksi Isolat Trypanosoma evansi

Surra's disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi parasite has been established as one of the strategic infectious animal diseases. Drug resistance in this case is one of the major challenges in handle and control them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the provision drug resistance diminazene aceturate (Tryponil®) on Trypanosoma evansi isolate from Pemalang and Brebes Central Java province with in vivo test in mice. Total 50 mice, BALB / c strain, male, 2 months, body weight ± 30 gram are obtained from LPPT-UGM, adapted for one week. Mice were divided into 10 groups consist of 5 each. Each mouse was infected with Trypanosoma evansi by intraperitonial route. Treatment was given when mice had reached the level of parasitemia 108 – 109 trypanosoma / mL of blood this was predicted 24 hours post-infection (Eisler et al., 2001). The administration of the drug tryapanosidal was done intraperitonial with doses 1mg/kg, 3mg / kg, 5 mg / kg and 7mg / kg. Observation of parasitemia did every 2 times in one week till 60 days of observation. Parasitemia observation was performed using 3 techniques. The first method was native examination used a microscope, if the negative results would be followed by MHCT (Microhaematocrit centrifugation Technique) and BCT (Buffy Coat Technique) according to OIE (2012). Data obtained from the treatment group were the level of parasitemia, the number of deaths and the number of live mice from each test dose. The results are analysed by standard logit or probit. The results of this study showed the effects of the drug Dimianzene aceturate on both isolates varied. On Brebes Isolate was effective at doses of 7 mg / kg BW (100%) and 5mg / kg BW (80%), whereas in the effective dose Pemalang isolate at 3 mg dose / kg BW (80%), 5 and 7 mg / kg BW (100%). While at the lowest dose of 1 mg / kg obtained a level of effectiveness of 0% in both isolates. It could be concluded that both isolates have different pathogens and indicate resistance subpopulation to diminazene aceturate.Keywords : diminazene aceturate, in vivo, resistance, Trypanosoma evansi.

Activity test of fruit and pomegranate seeds (Punica granatum l) as a hepatoprotector against white male Wistar rats

Introduction: White pomegranate (P. granatum) is a species of the Punicaceae which is thought as hepatoprotector based on its antioxidant secondary metabolite compoundst. Aims: The purpose of study was to determine the hepatoprotector activity of white pomegranate fruit and seeds ethanol extract on male white rats Wistar strain. Methods: This research is laboratory experimental which rats were grouped into 5 groups randomly. Normal, negative (given Carboxymethylcellulose sodium 1% orally), test dose 1,2,3 (given extract at a dose of 50 mg /200 g bodyweight of rat, 100 mg/200 g bodyweight of rat and 200 mg/200 g bodyweight of rat in Carboxymethylcellulose sodium 1% orally). Negative, test dose 1,2,3 induced with paracetamol 180 mg/200 g bodyweight of rat. Results: From the statistical analysis, it was found that a significant difference between the negative with test dose 1, 2, and 3. The best hepatoprotector activity was produced by the test dose 3 with the percentage reduction in AST levels 91.62% and ALT 90.20%.

Potentials of Three Plants Leave oils mixture in Protecting Maize Grains against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Over the last decade, Sitophilus zeamais are being control using synthetic insecticides. The overuse of these chemicals has lead to the development of insecticides resistance, environmental pollution, and killing of non-target organisms. The efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens, Ocimum gratissimum, and Psidium guajava leaf oils combination against adult S. zeamais was investigated on maize grain during the study. The leaves of the plants were grounded into powders and oils were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus separately. Maize variety 99% EDVT used was obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Kano. The insects were cultured in a containers and identified using a standard taxonomic key for Sitophilus spp. Different oils combination of two plants leaves oils were made in the ratio of 50%:50% of the test dose 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4ml/20g.Ten newly emerged S. zeamais were introduced separately for examination of adult mortality test and lethal concentration determination. Results showed that mortality increases with exposure period. The leaves oils combination show a significant difference in adult mortality of S. zeamais (P<0.05). Isobutylcyclohexane, Oleic Acid and 11-octadecenoic acid were the most occurring compound present in the individual plant extract. H. suaveolens and O. gratissimum combination protecting maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and therefore, the active ingredient of these plant combinations should be evaluated. Keywords: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GS-MS), Maize, Mortality, Plant leaves

The acute supplementation of combination juice of yellow watermelon (citrullus lanatus thunb.) - plantain (musa paradisiacal var. Sapientum l.) suppress post-exercise blood lactic acid production in rats

Background: Yellow watermelon contains citrulline, which can suppress lactic acid production, while plantains contain potassium which is important for muscle performance. The yellow watermelon and plantain combination juice potential to be a natural sports drink that delays muscle fatigue by suppressing lactic acid production after exercise.Objectives: To determine the effect of yellow watermelon-plantain juice on lactic acid in rats after swimming test.Materials and Methods: This true experimental study used a post-test-only with controlled group design. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats, eight-week-old, male, were divided into five groups, namely positive control (C+), negative control (C-), dose 1 (P1), dose 2 (P2), and dose 3 (P3). The C (+) group received no juice and was not tested swimming, the C (-) group received no juice but was tested swimming, P1 received combined juice up to 1.8 g and tested swimming, P2 received combined juice up to 3, 6 g and tested swimming, P3 received combined juice up to 1.8 g with the addition of 0.27 g granulated sugar and tested swimming. The juice is given 30 minutes before the test. The swim test was performed for three minutes; after that, the blood was taken to test the lactic acid levels. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the advanced post-hoc with the least significant difference test.Results: The lactic acid levels in C (+), in C (-), P1, P2, and P3 groups after swimming test were 1.38 mMol / L; 7.14 mMol / L; 3.74 mMol / L; 1.66 mMol; and 2.91 mMol/L. There were differences in levels of lactic acid (p <0.05) in each group after the combination juice intervention was given.Conclusion: Combination juice of yellow watermelon-plantain has an effect on lactic acid levels after swimming test. Dose 2 (3.6 g) was the best because it produces the lowest lactic acid after the swimming test.

Awareness of the Standard of Care for Snakebite Management Among Physicians in Kerala: A Cross-sectional Study

Snakebite remains a largely neglected yet important cause of morbidity as well as mortality in Kerala. This study aimed to assess the knowledge about the standard of care for snakebite management among physicians in Kerala. This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire-based survey among 110 physicians from Kerala. The overall knowledge levels were assessed using a questionnaire with answers being scored as 0 for wrong answers and as 1 for correct answers. The total knowledge scores for all respondents were calculated, with a maximum possible score of 14 and a minimum possible score of 0. Comparisons were made between subsets of respondents. The questionnaire was administered to 110 physicians who fulfilled the predetermined criteria. The overall mean knowledge score during the study was 10.7 (standard deviation ± 2.9). However, there were certain pitfalls associated with the management of snakebite. In particular, questions about tourniquet use, bringing a dead snake to the physician, and the anti-snake venom test dose had high proportions of incorrect answers. Significantly higher knowledge levels were also observed in certain subgroups. There seems to be varying knowledge gaps associated with various aspects of snakebite management for certain subsets of respondents who are likely to benefit from specific training.

Epidural catheter migration during cesarean

Background Early detection and vigilance of high spinal anesthesia post epidural catheter migration in cesarean section leads to safe conduct of anesthesia. Our case describes the migration of a previously functioning epidural catheter in the subarachnoid space. This migration can be explained by patient posture changes and movements. Case presentation A 32 year – old G2P0 medically free female parturient (height 160cm, weight 65 kg), admitted to the labor ward with a 4 cm cervical dilatation, an epidural catheter was inserted in the L3-4 space, and an aspiration test was negative for CSF/blood through epidural catheter. Epidural catheter was fixed on her back using sterile dressings. Epidural mixture of 0.1% bupivacaine and fentanyl 2 mcg/ml started. Due to fetal distress, cesarean section was urgently planned. She was given a bolus dose through the epidural catheter,10 minutes after skin incision, the patient suddenly started to complain of difficulty of breathing and drowsiness. Moreover, her oxygen saturation suddenly started to drop so rapid sequence induction with cricoid pressure applied and was performed till she was intubated. Her pupils were reactive and dilated. She had stable vital signs. She was reversed with neostigmine and atropine after the use of nerve stimulator. Aspiration from the epidural catheter was performed. A clear 10mls fluid was aspirated. The fluid was sent to the lab for analysis and found to be CSF. Upon extubation, the patient was conscious and obeying commands. She completely recovered the motor power of her upper and lower limbs while she was admitted to ICU for observation and she was discharged the next day without any residual anesthesia. Conclusion Aspiration test and epinephrine test dose is always recommend to be performed prior to local epidural anesthetic for cesarean section even if the function of the epidural catheter was previously established. Careful observation of neurologic signs is also important.