Differentiation of the self and the body and adjustment to motherhood – A latent class analysis

We used data from the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey to segment the gun-owning population into different subcultural categories. Performing a latent class analysis, we introduce six types of indicators: (1) the types of firearm owned, (2) the reported primary reason for owning a firearm, (3) involvement in various gun-related activities, (4) Second Amendment activism, (5) the extent to which those in one’s social network own guns, and (6) measures of symbolic meanings attached to firearms. We introduce gender, race, U.S. region, and political affiliation as covariates. We find six classes of gun owners. The largest group (28 percent) is composed of family protectors who go to the shooting range and feel empowered by their guns. The second largest category (19 percent) is made up of incidental gun owners motivated by protection or family tradition. The third group (18 percent) consists of Second Amendment activists who engage in multiple gun-related activities and are resistant to social change. The fourth category (13 percent) contains target shooters. The fifth group (12 percent) is made up of hunters. The sixth category (11 percent), self-protectors, has a majority of women (51 percent). Our findings add to a very recent body of literature on variations in the meanings that guns have for people. In particular, we demonstrate that there are stark cultural differences between gun owners and that the body of existing research on this topic has mostly focused on the Second Amendment activists, who only represent about 18 percent of all gun owners.

Download Full-text

A latent class analysis of dietary behaviours associated with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-020-00636-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jung Ha Park ◽

Ju Young Kim ◽

So Hye Kim ◽

Jung Hyun Kim ◽

Young Mi Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Latent Class ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

The Body ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Behaviours

Abstract Background Obesity defined solely by the Body Mass Index (BMI) may not reflect the true heterogeneity of the obese population. This study aimed to classify the dietary behaviours of overweight and obese individuals and to explore the relationship between patterns of dietary behaviour and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods A total of 259 patients who visited an outpatient weight management clinic at a tertiary hospital and underwent a dietary behaviour assessment between January 2014 and February 2019 were enrolled in the study. Dietary behaviours were assessed in three domains with nine categories, including choice of food (frequently eating out and consumption of instant/fast/takeaway food), eating behaviour (irregular meals; frequent snacking, including eating at night; emotional eating; and overeating/binge eating), and nutrient intake (high-fat/high-calorie foods, salty food, and poorly balanced diet). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the subjects according to these categories. Associations between latent class and metabolic syndrome were assessed by logistic regression. Results The subjects were classified into three LCA-driven classes, including a referent class of healthy but unbalanced eaters (n = 118), a class of emotional eaters (n = 53), and a class of irregular unhealthy eaters (n = 88). Compared with the referent class, emotional eaters had a significantly higher BMI (beta = 3.40, P < 0.001) accompanied by metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval 1.16–7.13). Conclusions Our three LCA-driven obesity phenotypes could be useful for assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The association between emotional eaters and higher BMI and metabolic syndrome was stronger than that with other eaters. Thus, emotional regulation strategies might have benefit for emotional eater’s diet.

Download Full-text

A latent class analysis of dietary behaviours associated with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40808/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jung Ha Park ◽

Ju Young Kim ◽

So Hye Kim ◽

Jung Hyun Kim ◽

Young Mi Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Latent Class ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

The Body ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Behaviours

Abstract Background: Obesity defined solely by the Body Mass Index (BMI) may not reflect the true heterogeneity of the obese population. This study aimed to classify the dietary behaviours of overweight and obese individuals and to explore the relationship between patterns of dietary behaviour and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods: A total of 259 patients who visited an outpatient weight management clinic at a tertiary hospital and underwent a dietary behaviour assessment between January 2014 and February 2019 were enrolled in the study. Dietary behaviours were assessed in three domains with nine categories, including choice of food (frequently eating out and consumption of instant/fast/takeaway food), eating behaviour (irregular meals; frequent snacking, including eating at night; emotional eating; and overeating/binge eating), and nutrient intake (high-fat/high-calorie foods, salty food, and poorly balanced diet). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the subjects according to these categories. Associations between latent class and metabolic syndrome were assessed by logistic regression.Results: The subjects were classified into three LCA-driven classes, including a referent class of healthy but unbalanced eaters (n=118), a class of emotional eaters (n=53), and a class of irregular unhealthy eaters (n=88). Compared with the referent class, emotional eaters had a significantly higher BMI (beta=3.40, P<0.001) accompanied by metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval 1.16–7.13).Conclusions: Our three LCA-driven obesity phenotypes could be useful for assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The association between emotional eaters and higher BMI and metabolic syndrome was stronger than that with other eaters. Thus, emotional regulation strategies might have benefit for emotional eater’s diet.

Download Full-text