POLICY EVALUATION OF REGIONAL EXPANSION AND DETERMINATION REGIONAL BOUNDARIES IN BANTEN AND WEST JAVA PROVINCE

The regional expansion is a way to accelerate development acceleration. In addition, regional expansion is the process of dividing an existing administrative area into two or more new autonomous regions. Regional expansion in Indonesia is carried out based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 9 of 2015 concerning Regional Autonomy and Regional Government as a result of the second amendment to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014. However, in the process of regional expansion in Indonesia, there are still some problems. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate government policies in regional expansion and determine regional boundaries in the provinces of Banten and West Java based on the laws in force in Indonesia. The method used in this research is the mix method, namely quantitative and qualitative. The data used are obtained from references and interviews related to regional autonomy policies, regional governments, and the determination of regional boundaries. The results of the evaluation, there are several factors that cause regional expansion, namely religious differences, ethnic and cultural differences, inequality in economic development in an area, and the size of the area. The formation of regional boundaries is carried out through 4 stages, namely Allocation, Delimitation, Demarcation, and Administration. One very important aspect of the implementation of regional autonomy is to merge regions with the hope of strengthening the relationship between local governments and local communities. In addition, it is hoped that there will be more intensive interaction between the community and the new local government, civil society will get better rights and obligations as citizens.

US Supreme Court hears carefully chosen gun case

Significance The case, which concerns the power of a state to prohibit the carrying of concealed handguns, involves the Second Amendment to the US Constitution, which protects “the right of the people to keep and bear Arms”. The outcome may see the Court restrict state regulatory power in unprecedented ways. Impacts This case could continue a trend begun in 2008 that has broadened the scope and applicability of the Second Amendment protections. The Court could adopt an ends-and-means evaluation that would permit greater variability for state restrictions on guns. Other interest groups will pursue well-chosen cases before the newly conservative court.

“I Do Not Speak as Freely”: Gendered Views on Campus Carry at a Research University

As campus carry policies are implemented at colleges and universities across the country, the concern for the safety of students, faculty members, and campus community members has heightened. In the state of Texas, broad sweeping campus carry policies were recently enacted by Texas State Legislature that allows individuals to conceal carry firearms within educational spaces on campus. Within these educational spaces, faculty members are often relied upon to deliver educational content without having their Second Amendment speech rights chilled by the prospect of loaded firearms within a classroom. Given this tension, this study fills an important gap in the research and explains how faculty members view campus carry as it relates to their personal safety and professional work. This study employed a mixed methods design (survey and qualitative) to expound upon the attitudes toward campus carry of 226 faculty and staff members working in a large research-intensive university within the state of Texas. Results suggest strong gender differences between how faculty members view campus carry policies and their safety on campus, with women often reporting feeling less safe and less able to perform their job duties under the pressure and anxiety of campus carry policies. Ultimately, this study’s results imply that women faculty members may more less safe, more marginalized, and further victimized by campus carry laws than men faculty members, transgressing gender equity progress in the professoriate, as women have been traditionally underrepresented on college faculties.

Legislating Right, Contemplating Duty: Parliamentary Debate on RTE Second Amendment Bill

The study is an attempt to understand the prevailing discourse in India on education as a right by closely reading the parliamentary debates on The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Second Amendment) Bill, 2017. Prior to the passing of the above-mentioned amendment bill The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 had debarred schools from detaining or expelling a child till the completion of her elementary education. This provision was amended by the Indian Parliament by passing the bill. When the bill was moved in the Indian parliament it generated debate on the various aspects of education and schooling. The study critically analyses the texts of two proceedings of the parliamentary debate: one from the lower house (Lok Sabha) and the other from the upper house (Rajya Sabha). The study concludes that the deliberation on the bill turned the right-based approach on elementary education almost upside down. The 86th amendment in the Indian constitution and subsequent enactment of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 had recognized children in the age group of 6–14 years as ‘right holders’ while the Indian state had been identified as the ‘duty bearer’. The discourse emerged in the Indian Parliament during the debate on the Amendment Bill, 2017 constituted Indian children of school-going age, their parents and teachers as groups accountable to the state for achieving the goals for universal elementary education, while the Indian state was constituted as an entity with the right to demand compliances from children, parents and teachers.

AMBIGUITAS PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR TENTANG PAJAK DAERAH PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH

The focus of the research is how ambiguity is in the Tanah Datar Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Second Amendment to the Tanah Datar Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes. The purpose of this paper is to explain, analyze whether ambiguity occurs in article 43 paragraph 1, article 44 paragraph 1, article 65 paragraph 4 letter h ambiguity in the Tanah Datar Regency Regulation Number 6 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes as Amended by the Regency Regional Regulation Tanah Datar Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Second Amendment to the Regional Regulation of Tanah Datar Regency Number 6 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes and to find out how to review article 43 paragraph 1, article 44 paragraph 1, article 65 paragraph 4 letter h Regional Regulation of Tanah Datar Regency Number 6 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes as Amended by Regional Regulation of Tanah Datar Regency Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Second Amendment to Regional Regulation of Tanah Datar Regency Number 6 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes in the Perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyah on the Establishment of Good Legislations in the review of Siyasah Dusturiah.

Who Are Gun Owners in the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey

We used data from the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey to segment the gun-owning population into different subcultural categories. Performing a latent class analysis, we introduce six types of indicators: (1) the types of firearm owned, (2) the reported primary reason for owning a firearm, (3) involvement in various gun-related activities, (4) Second Amendment activism, (5) the extent to which those in one’s social network own guns, and (6) measures of symbolic meanings attached to firearms. We introduce gender, race, U.S. region, and political affiliation as covariates. We find six classes of gun owners. The largest group (28 percent) is composed of family protectors who go to the shooting range and feel empowered by their guns. The second largest category (19 percent) is made up of incidental gun owners motivated by protection or family tradition. The third group (18 percent) consists of Second Amendment activists who engage in multiple gun-related activities and are resistant to social change. The fourth category (13 percent) contains target shooters. The fifth group (12 percent) is made up of hunters. The sixth category (11 percent), self-protectors, has a majority of women (51 percent). Our findings add to a very recent body of literature on variations in the meanings that guns have for people. In particular, we demonstrate that there are stark cultural differences between gun owners and that the body of existing research on this topic has mostly focused on the Second Amendment activists, who only represent about 18 percent of all gun owners.