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Astrocytes are fast climbing the ladder of importance in neurodegenerative disorders,
particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the prominent presence of reactive astrocytes sur-
rounding amyloid β- plaques, together with activated microglia. Reactive astrogliosis, implying
morphological and molecular transformations in astrocytes, seems to precede neurodegeneration,
suggesting a role in the development of the disease. Single-cell transcriptomics has recently demon-
strated that astrocytes from AD brains are different from “normal” healthy astrocytes, showing dys-
regulations in areas such as neurotransmitter recycling, including glutamate and GABA, and im-
paired homeostatic functions. However, recent data suggest that the ablation of astrocytes in mouse
models of amyloidosis results in an increase in amyloid pathology as well as in the inflammatory
profile and reduced synaptic density, indicating that astrocytes mediate neuroprotective effects.
The idea that interventions targeting astrocytes may have great potential for AD has therefore
emerged, supported by a range of drugs and stem cell transplantation studies that have successfully
shown a therapeutic effect in mouse models of AD. In this article, we review the latest reports on
the role and profile of astrocytes in AD brains and how manipulation of astrocytes in animal mod-
els has paved the way for the use of treatments enhancing astrocytic function as future therapeutic
avenues for AD.
Enrichment of Neurodegenerative Microglia Signature in Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models