Predicting High Confidence Errors in Eyewitness Memory: The Role of Face Recognition Ability, Decision-Time, and Justifications

A longer exposure time generally improves individuals’ ability to recognize faces. The current research investigates whether this effect varies between genders and whether it is influenced by the gender of the exposed faces. Based on a set of four experimental studies, we advance our knowledge of face recognition, gender, gender distribution of exposed faces, and exposure time in three main ways. First, the results reveal that women are more likely than men to suffer from a decrease in face recognition ability due to a lower exposure time. Second, the findings show that when exposure time is short (vs. long) women recognize a larger proportion of same gender faces and also recognize a larger proportion of same gender faces as compared with the proportion of same gender faces recognized by men. Third, findings reveal that when individuals are only exposed to same gender faces, women recognize more faces than men regardless whether exposure time is short, or long. In short, the findings of this research suggest that insight into the interplay between gender and exposure time length is critical to appropriately determine human beings’ ability to recognize faces.

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Face recognition across varying poses in 7- and 9-month-old infants: The role of facial expression

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025409350364 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 417-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cornelia Gross ◽

Gudrun Schwarzer

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Facial Expression ◽

Preference Test ◽

Fixation Time ◽

The Novel ◽

Novelty Preference ◽

Facial Identity ◽

Recognition Ability ◽

Neutral Expression

Three studies were conducted to determine whether 7- and 9-month-old infants generalize face identity to a novel pose of the same face when only internal face sections with and without an emotional expression were presented. In Study 1, 7- and 9-month-old infants were habituated to a full frontal or three-quarter pose of a face with neutral facial expression. In Study 2, 7-month-olds were habituated to a face with a positive or negative expression. In the novelty preference test, immediately following habituation, infants were shown a pair of faces: the habituation face in a novel pose and a novel face in the same pose. Generalization of facial identity was inferred from longer fixation time to the novel face. Whereas 7-month-old infants did not dishabituate to the novel face with neutral expression, 9-month-olds fixated longer on the novel face with neutral expression (Study 1). However, when faces displayed a positive or negative expression 7-month-olds also looked longer at the novel face, indicating generalization of the habituation face to a novel pose (Study 2). Study 3 showed that 7-montholds’ generalization ability in Study 2 cannot be explained by an inability to discriminate between the two poses of the habituation face. Results showed 9- but not 7-month-olds recognized neutral looking faces in a novel pose, and 7-month-olds’ face recognition ability was enhanced by emotional facial expression.

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The role of recollection in high-confidence know judgments

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e520592012-515 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Mickes ◽

Vivian Hwe ◽

John T. Wixted

Keyword(s):

High Confidence

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Individual differences in adaptive norm-based coding and holistic coding are associated yet each contributes uniquely to unfamiliar face recognition ability.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance ◽

10.1037/xhp0000265 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 281-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laura M. Engfors ◽

Linda Jeffery ◽

Gilles E. Gignac ◽

Romina Palermo

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Recognition Ability ◽

Unfamiliar Face

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Recognising Familiar Faces Out of Context

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006620984326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 174-177

Author(s):

Sarah Laurence ◽

Jordyn Eyre ◽

Ailsa Strathie

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Recognition Test ◽

Familiar Face

Expertise in familiar face recognition has been well-documented in several studies. Here, we examined the role of context using a surprise lecturer recognition test. Across two experiments, we found few students recognised their lecturer when they were unexpected, but accuracy was higher when the lecturer was preceded by a prompt. Our findings suggest that familiar face recognition can be poor in unexpected contexts.

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Standard Quality Banking Services of Islamic Banks

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12391 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Haneen A. Al-Khawaja ◽

Barjoyai Bardai

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Theoretical Aspect ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

Islamic Banks ◽

High Confidence ◽

Banking Services ◽

Standard Quality ◽

Definition Of

This research discusses in detail the theoretical aspect of the quality standards of banking services of traditional Islamic banks. The criterion of "Shari'ah Compliance" was added by the researcher to the importance and role of dealing with Islamic banks, the definition of this standard and its importance, how to test it for banks as well as how, without the legitimate commitment of these banks to what is classified as Islamic from the foundation, we focus on the importance of the existence of a legal commitment to any Islamic bank to achieve the quality of Islamic banking services of high quality in accordance with Islamic law and laws to achieve a high confidence in the customers who belong to him and deal with his Conspiracy.

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A study of the face recognition ability of orthodontists and lay persons of different age groups

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/14653121226779 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Roz Walker ◽

Mary Stokes ◽

Michal Socker ◽

Margaret Collins

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Age Groups ◽

Lay Persons ◽

Recognition Ability ◽

The Face

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When Feature Information Comes First! Early Processing of Inverted Faces

Perception ◽

10.1068/p5192 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 1117-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Claus-Christian Carbon ◽

Helmut Leder

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Face Recognition ◽

Face Processing ◽

Contextual Information ◽

Presentation Time ◽

Early Processing ◽

Feature Information ◽

Short Presentation Time ◽

Short Presentation

We investigated the early stages of face recognition and the role of featural and holistic face information. We exploited the fact that, on inversion, the alienating disorientation of the eyes and mouth in thatcherised faces is hardly detectable. This effect allows featural and holistic information to be dissociated and was used to test specific face-processing hypotheses. In inverted thatcherised faces, the cardinal features are already correctly oriented, whereas in undistorted faces, the whole Gestalt is coherent but all information is disoriented. Experiment 1 and experiment 3 revealed that, for inverted faces, featural information processing precedes holistic information. Moreover, the processing of contextual information is necessary to process local featural information within a short presentation time (26 ms). Furthermore, for upright faces, holistic information seems to be available faster than for inverted faces (experiment 2). These differences in processing inverted and upright faces presumably cause the differential importance of featural and holistic information for inverted and upright faces.

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