Pengaruh Instabilitas Makroekonomi Terhadap Non-Performing Financing Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

This study aims to identify the determinants of non-performing financing (NPF) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study objects are the Islamic banking industry during the first quarter of 2008 until the third quarter of 2019. The variables in this study are inflation, growth of Gross Domestic Product (PDB), and Bank Indonesia rate. The statistic method used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result shows that inflation shock significantly affects the trend of NPF, while others do not give significant effect to NPF of Islamic Banking.

Pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap Status Muflis (Debitur Pailit) sebagai Gharimin (Mustahik Zakat)

The development of sharia economy in Indonesia is increasing. Islamic economic development can be seen from the development of Islamic financial institutions and the Islamic financial instruments they offer, ranging from Islamic banks, Islamic capital markets, and Islamic insurance. With these developments, nowadays financing activities with sharia contracts are increasing and growing rapidly. However, only a few can pay it off. In other words, non-performing financing or bad loans at Islamic financial institutions often occur. Non-performing financing caused by the inability of the customer as a debtor to pay debts to a financial institution as a creditor resulted in the customer being bankrupted by the financial institution as a creditor. Bankruptcy is defined as the inability of the debtor or debtor (can be a person, legal entity, company) which is proven based on a court decision that the debtor has stopped paying his debts (unable to pay off debts) which results in general confiscation of his assets, so that the debtor is no longer entitled to manage his assets. . If it is associated with zakat, one of the ashnaf of zakat is gharimin or people who are in debt. Zakat institutions in Indonesia have not made bankrupt customers as gharimin who are entitled to receive zakat. The formulation of the problem in this paper is to find out the views of Islamic law on the status of bankrupt debtors as gharimin. The conclusion is that the status of a bankrupt debtor can be determined as a gharimin who is entitled to receive zakat. The use of debt in question can be for personal or public interest. The distribution pattern can use the qardh hasan pattern where the zakat given to the gharimin is not to be owned but to be returned again. The zakat funds are not only used to pay off debts, they can also be used as initial capital for bankrupt debtors to restart their business. Keywords: bankrupt debtor, gharimin, zakat mustahik.

Embedding Value-Based Principles in the Culture of Islamic Banks to Enhance Their Sustainability, Resilience, and Social Impact

Value-based banks strive to build a self-sustaining banking model with inclusive and transparent governance that is sustainable and resilient to external disturbances. Initiatives for value-based intermediation in Islamic finance started in Malaysia. The growth in VBIBs is accompanied by claims about its relative resilience to crisis and efficiency compared to VBBs and conventional banks. However, little empirical evidence is available to support such claims. This study aims to analyze the resilience and efficiency of VBIBs compared to the VBBs and GSIBs. It highlights the role of value-based strategy in developing a sound and resilient Islamic banking system to overcome future crises and further strengthen the impacts of Islamic banks. The study used quantitative and content analysis research methods, with data collected from the annual reports of 10 VBIBs from 2017 to 2020. The empirical results show that VBIBs have better risk-adjusted capital levels and asset quality, enabling them to be more resilient during crises. They provide more satisfactory returns compared to the VBBs and GSIBs. However, VBBs have a better asset structure and growth rate, which contributes to the real economy. The overall findings suggest that adopting value-based strategies in Islamic banking improve banks’ sustainability, resilience, and social impacts by concentrating resources on value-based activities that provide economic resiliency and enhance inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The study fills gaps in the current Islamic finance literature concerning empirical studies on value-based Islamic banking. It also helps practitioners to understand the relative efficiency, resilience, and social impact of VBIBs.

WHY DOES BANGLADESH REQUIRE A CENTRALIZED SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR ISLAMIC BANKS?

The main objective of this article is to describe the logical reasons why a Centralized Shariah Governance Framework (CSGF) provided by the Central Bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank) is essential for the country’s Islamic banks. In doing so, it identifies the major regulatory challenges (self-developed and disparate use of Shariah Governance (SG) practices) faced by Islamic banks in Bangladesh. It considers an analytical approach to explore the significance of a CSGF for Islamic banks in Bangladesh and examines the current diversified procedures of SG practices. This article reveals that the self-developed SG practices of Islamic banks in Bangladesh have created confusion and pessimism among the practitioners, bankers and even to the general people and regulators which is negatively affecting the overall image of Islamic banks. Such incongruent governance practices have led to inconsistencies in SG structures, implementation procedures, monitoring activities. In addition, this article reveals that these deficiencies usually exist due to weak monitoring systems of the Central Bank, ineffective functioning of individual Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSB) and the absence of comprehensive SGF. The article argues that the Central Bank of Bangladesh should initiate to reform its Islamic banking industry by introducing a CSGF aimed to identify the roles, responsibilities, powers, and functions of SSB; thereby improving governance, accountability, and overall Shariah compliance quality. This article is hoped to be beneficial for the regulators and practitioners to consider revising current practices. Keywords: Centralization, Bangladesh Bank, Islamic banks, Shariah governance framework. Cite as: Alam, M. K., & Thakur, O. A. (2022). Why does Bangladesh require a centralized Shariah governance framework for Islamic banks? Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 24-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp24-42

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC BANK INCOME AND INCOME CONVENTIONAL BANKS AGAINST BANK PROFITABILITY

Bank Syariah Indonesia has sharia contracts that can make it easier for customers to get consumptive financing such as financing in the purchase of cars/motorcycles, but many people do not know that Islamic banks have such consumptive financing products. Based on the results of research on the mechanism and application of consumptive financing on the Oto iB Hasanah BNI Syariah Banda Aceh product, this can be done in three stages, namely: First, the customer applies for consumptive financing for the Oto iB Hasanah BNI Syariah Banda Aceh product by completing the file, second, checking data or verifying data for completeness and the truth of the file, thirdly, a field survey with the 5C principle (Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral). murabahah namely an agreement on profit, payment method, sale and purchase agreement and delivery of goods.

OPTIMIZATION OF SHARIA BANK CUAN IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA 4.0

Is how to develop products and services to boost productivity and competitiveness in the economic and business industries. As for the opportunities owned by Islamic banking to develop products and services to face industry 4.0, namely, the first is qualified human resources, the second is technological sophistication, and the third is the products that society needs in facing the industrial revolution 4.0. The results of this study are that there are several opportunities and challenges faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 in the scope of financial technology (fintech). the three products that society needs in facing the industrial revolution 4.0. The results of this study are that there are several opportunities and challenges faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 in the scope of financial technology (fintech). the three products that society needs in facing the industrial revolution 4.0. The results of this study are that there are several opportunities and challenges faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 in the scope of financial technology (fintech).

Perception of Riau Muslim Entrepreneurs on the Merger of Islamic Commercial Banking into Indonesian Islamic Bank

<div class="WordSection1"><em>The purpose of this study is to further examine the perceptions of Muslim entrepreneurs in Riau towards the merger of a Islamic Commercial Banking to become an Indonesian Islamic bank. The method used is a qualitative method generated from a questionnaire filled out by Muslim entrepreneurs in Riau Province, explaining the perception of Riau Muslims about the merger of Islamic banks under BUMN. The results of this study indicate that the perceptions of Muslim entrepreneurs in Riau towards the joining of Islamic banks as BUMN, in this case Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah and BRI syariah to become Bank Syariah Indonesia which is abbreviated as BSI in general have different perceptions, there are still many who disagree. by joining the Islamic Bank under the BUMN. Entrepreneurs are also not too sure about the joining of the Islamic Bank to become the icon and direction of the World Islamic Bank, they think that the joining of the Bank is influenced by political elements among the political elite. However, Muslim entrepreneurs in Riau on average will still become customers of Indonesian Islamic Bank, because apart from being a Islamic bank, there is no better choice than other banks.</em><br /><strong> </strong><br />Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih jauh persepsi pengusaha muslim Riau terhadap penggabungan Bank Syariah BUMN menjadi bank syariah Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari kuisioner yang diisi oleh para pengusaha muslim yang ada di Provinsi Riau, menjelaskan mengenai persepsi muslim riau terhadap mergernya bank syariah di bawah BUMN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persepsi pengusaha muslim riau terhadap bergabungnya bank syariah di bawah BUMN dalam hal ini Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah dan BRI syariah menjadi Bank Syariah Indonesia yang disingkat menjadi BSI secara umum memiliki persepsi yang berbeda-beda, masih banyak yang tidak setuju dengan begabungnya Bank Syariah BUMN tersebut. Pengusaha juga tidak terlalu yakin dengan bergabungnya Bank Syariah tersebut menjadi icon dan kiblat Bank Syariah dunia, mereka menganggap bergabungnya Bank banyak dipengaruhi oleh unsur politis dikalangan elit politik. Namun pengusaha muslim Riau rata-rata tetap akan menjadi Nasabah Bank Syariah Indonesia, karena selain merupakan bank syariah, dan tidak ada pilihan lain yang lebih baik dari bank lain.<br /><strong> </strong><br />Kata Kunci: Persepsi, Pengusaha Muslim, Merger, Bank Syariah.</div><p align="center"><strong><br clear="all" /></strong></p>

Examination Of Customer Interest In The Use Of The Mandiri Syariah Mobile Application At PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Bekasi Branch Office

We inspect client premium in the utilization of the Mandiri Syariah Mobile application as a type of improvement in the computerized world at one of the Islamic banks in Indonesia. The reason for this review was to decide the impact of control (age, sex, and experience) on the connection between free factors (execution assumptions, exertion, impact of social beliefs, assistance conditions, decadent inspiration, value esteems ??, and propensities) on the reliant variable (conduct expectations and conduct). utilization conduct) which alludes to the Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) II model. The technique is a quantitative methodology with an informative examination plan that intends to clarify the factors to be considered and the impact between one variable and another. Social conditions, assistance conditions, indulgent inspiration, value esteems ??, propensities with conduct expectation factors. Given the consequences of the examination, execution assumptions have the most significant relationship, precisely 43.2% on social goals. Subsequently, this review proposes that before expanding the connection between social aims to utilize conduct, PT Bank Syariah Mandiri needs to reinforce the impact of the seven factors on social goals.

The effect of asset quality, profit and loss sharing on Sharia Banking Liquidity in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of asset quality variables (Non-Performing Financing), Profit and Loss Sharing (profit-loss sharing investment and profit-sharing investment account), capital adequacy ratio, bank size, return on assets, and gross domestic product on Islamic banking liquidity in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using a sample of 7 Islamic commercial banks from the period March 2015 to December 2019. This study uses 2 multiple regression models of panel data with the results showing that Non-Performing Financing, profit-loss sharing investment, bank size, gross domestic product affect the liquidity of Islamic banks. , then for-profit sharing investment account, capital adequacy ratio, return on assets, does not affect the liquidity of Islamic banks.

EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED BANKING

The banking business that you should not conduct in Islamic banks is in the matter of exchange, including the exchange on the basis of the deferred price and the discount of commercial papers. Also, if the exchange contract does not meet its legal conditions, then he signs a contract in one of the two types of usury Al-Fadl or Al-Nasee’ah usury, or both as it will be explained, if he wishes. God, and perhaps the wisdom behind the prohibition of usury of an-Naseeh arising from the sale of cash for money other than its kind, when the forward factor in the price is taken into account, was not noticed by many to the extent that some were overwhelmed by surprise and astonishment when they learned that the Shari’a forbade this form of transaction.The paper is begins with the definition of parallel exchange and its legal adaptation and a statement of the pillars and conditions of the exchange contract and exchange work in contemporary Islamic banks . It was concluded that it is not permissible to deal with the exchange at the forward rate .