Basel’s value-at-risk capital requirement regulation: An efficiency analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1887-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Kaplanski ◽  
Haim Levy
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Capital Requirement ◽  
Risk Capital

scholarly journals The Value-At-Risk Estimate of Stock and Currency-Stock Portfolios’ Returns

Risks ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Bin Su ◽  
Jui-Cheng Hung
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Conditional Correlation ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Stock Portfolios ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Efficiency Test ◽  
Risk Managers

This study utilizes the seven bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to forecast the out-of-sample value-at-risk (VaR) of 21 stock portfolios and seven currency-stock portfolios with three weight combinations, and then employs three accuracy tests and one efficiency test to evaluate the VaR forecast performance for the above models. The seven models are constructed by four types of bivariate variance-covariance specifications and two approaches of parameters estimates. The four types of bivariate variance-covariance specifications are the constant conditional correlation (CCC), asymmetric and symmetric dynamic conditional correlation (ADCC and DCC), and the BEKK, whereas the two types of approach include the standard and non-standard approaches. Empirical results show that, regarding the accuracy tests, the VaR forecast performance of stock portfolios varies with the variance-covariance specifications and the approaches of parameters estimate, whereas it does not vary with the weight combinations of portfolios. Conversely, the VaR forecast performance of currency-stock portfolios is almost the same for all models and still does not vary with the weight combinations of portfolios. Regarding the efficiency test via market risk capital, the NS-BEKK model is the most suitable model to be used in the stock and currency-stock portfolios for bank risk managers irrespective of the weight combination of portfolios.

scholarly journals Analytical Bounds for two Value-at-Risk Functionals

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Hürlimann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Dominance Order ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Aggregate Loss ◽  
Stop Loss

AbstractBased on the notions of value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk, we consider two functionals, abbreviated VaR and CVaR, which represent the economic risk capital required to operate a risky business over some time period when only a small probability of loss is tolerated. These functionals are consistent with the risk preferences of profit-seeking (and risk averse) decision makers and preserve the stochastic dominance order (and the stop-loss order). This result is used to bound the VaR and CVaR functionals by determining their maximal values over the set of all loss and profit functions with fixed first few moments. The evaluation of CVaR for the aggregate loss of portfolios is also discussed. The results of VaR and CVaR calculations are illustrated and compared at some typical situations of general interest.

Modelling random vectors of dependent risks with different elliptical components

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zinoviy Landsman ◽  
Tomer Shushi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Dependent Risks ◽  
Risk Capital Allocation ◽  
Elliptical Copula ◽  
T Distribution

Abstract In Finance and Actuarial Science, the multivariate elliptical family of distributions is a famous and well-used model for continuous risks. However, it has an essential shortcoming: all its univariate marginal distributions are the same, up to location and scale transformations. For example, all marginals of the multivariate Student’s t-distribution, an important member of the elliptical family, have the same number of degrees of freedom. We introduce a new approach to generate a multivariate distribution whose marginals are elliptical random variables, while in general, each of the risks has different elliptical distribution, which is important when dealing with insurance and financial data. The proposal is an alternative to the elliptical copula distribution where, in many cases, it is very difficult to calculate its risk measures and risk capital allocation. We study the main characteristics of the proposed model: characteristic and density functions, expectations, covariance matrices and expectation of the linear regression vector. We calculate important risk measures for the introduced distributions, such as the value at risk and tail value at risk, and the risk capital allocation of the aggregated risks.

scholarly journals Avaliação de Modelos de Cálculo de Exigência de Capital para Risco Cambial

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Claudio H. da S. Barbedo ◽  
Gustavo S. Araújo ◽  
João Maurício S. Moreira ◽  
Ricardo S. Maia Clemente
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Capital Requirement ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Historical Model

This paper examines capital requirement for financial institutions in order to cover market risk stemming from exposure to foreign currencies. The models examined belong to two groups according to the approach involved: standardized and internal models. In the first group, we study the Basel model and the model adopted by the Brazilian legislation. In the second group, we consider the models based on the concept of value at risk (VaR). We analyze the single and the double-window historical model, the exponential smoothing model (EWMA) and a hybrid approach that combines features of both models. The results suggest that the Basel model is inadequate to the Brazilian market, exhibiting a large number of exceptions. The model of the Brazilian legislation has no exceptions, though generating higher capital requirements than other internal models based on VaR. In general, VaR-based models perform better and result in less capital allocation than the standardized approach model applied in Brazil.

Comparison of market risk models with respect to suggested changes of Basel Accord

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Supplement-2) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Eliška Stiborová ◽  
Barbora Sznapková ◽  
Tomáš Tichý
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Basel Accord ◽  
Capital Charge

The market risk capital charge of financial institutions has been mostly calculated by internal models based on integrated Value at Risk (VaR) approach, since the introduction of the Amendment to Basel Accord in 1996. The internal models should fulfil several quantitative and qualitative criteria. Besides others, it is the so called backtesting procedure, which was one of the main reasons why the alternative approach to market risk estimation — conditional Value at Risk or Expected Shortfall (ES) — were not applicable for the purpose of capital charge calculation. However, it is supposed that this approach will be incorporated into Basel III. In this paper we provide an extensive simulation study using various sets of market data to show potential impact of ES on capital requirements.

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