ordem da forma jurídica e as políticas de segurança de barragens de rejeitos minerais

O trabalho examina, por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, problemas que tem surgido com as atividades de mineração e construção de barragens de rejeito no Brasil, com reflexões jurídicas, ambien­tais e políticas. Para isso, aborda as respostas internacionais, desafios da gestão de resíduos e prevenção de acidentes, cotejando-as com a legislação brasileira e com a forma como são classificadas as barragens dentro da Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens (PNSB). Utilizando de uma revisão bibliográfica robusta e crítica foi possível perceber que o atual modelo adotado no Brasil cria e recria distorções espa­ciais e temporais, afetando os mais diversos territórios. Hoje o Estado permite que as empresas de mine­ração façam o que quiserem, da forma que desejarem, construindo barragens cada vez maiores, sem li­mitadores. Com a expansão das barragens ocorre um desperdício de natureza, elevação dos riscos e vul­nerabilidades nos territórios e também, uma redução da eficiência produtiva, sendo o Estado correspon­sável em casos de desastres/crimes corporativos. Palavras-chave: barragem de rejeitos; interdisciplinaridade; legislação; regulação; fiscalização. Abstract The work examines, through an interdisciplinary approach, problems that have arisen with the activities of mining and construction of tailings dams in Brazil, with legal, environmental and political reflections. To this end, it addresses international responses, challenges of waste management and accident prevention, comatose them with Brazilian legislation and how dams are classified within the National Dam Safety Policy (PNSB). Using a robust and critical literature review, it was possible to perceive that the current model adopted in Brazil creates and recreates spatial and time distortions, affecting the most diverse territories. Today the state allows mining companies to do what they want, as they wish, building ever larger dams without limiters. With the expansion of the dams occurs a waste of nature, increased risks and vulnerabilities in the territories and also a reduction of productive efficiency, being the state coresponsible in cases of disasters / corporate crimes. Keywords: tailings dams; interdisciplinarity; legislation; regulation; surveillance. El orden de la forma legal y las políticas de seguridad de las presas de relaves minerales Resumen La obra examina, a través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, los problemas que han surgido con las activi­dades de minería y construcción de represas de relaves en Brasil, con reflexiones legales, ambientales y políticas. Con este fin, aborda las respuestas internacionales, los desafíos de la gestión de residuos y la prevención de accidentes, en coma con la legislación brasileña y cómo se clasifican las presas dentro de la Política Nacional de Seguridad de presas (PNSB). Mediante una revisión de la literatura sólida y crítica, fue posible percibir que el modelo actual adoptado en Brasil crea y recrea distorsiones espaciales y de tiempo, afectando a los territorios más diversos. Hoy en día el estado permite a las empresas mineras hacer lo que quieran, como deseen, construyendo presas cada vez más grandes sin limitadores. Con la expansión de las presas se produce un desperdicio de naturaleza, mayores riesgos y vulnerabilidades en los territorios y también una reducción de la eficiencia productiva, siendo el núcleo estatal responsable en casos de desastres / delitos corporativos. Palabras clave: presa de relaves; interdisciplinaridad; legislación; reglamento; vigilancia.

Agronomic potential of four rock powders, pure or mixed, as soil remineralizers

Detailed knowledge of chemical, petrographic and mineralogical compositions as well as the effects of applying rock powder on soil chemical properties and plant production are required for classifying these materials as soil remineralizers (SR), as according to Brazilian legislation in force. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of rock powders siltstone, tephrite and olivine melilitite, pure or mixed, on improving the fertility of a Cambisol and a Nitisol as well as the yield of soybean and barley crops grown in succession inside a greenhouse. For that purpose, these products were characterized as their granulometry, chemical, mineralogical and petrographic compositions. Based on the results, it was verified which products met the requirements for registration as SR established by the Normative Instruction Number 5 (NI5) from MAPA. Elemental chemical and grain size analyses indicated that all tested products met the NI5 requirements for their registration as SR. The mineral composition identified through petrographic analyses was confirmed by analyses performed via X-ray diffractometry techniques. Olivine melilitite rock, pure or mixed with siltstone, had the highest agronomic potential when compared to other powders, thus acknowledged as a SR. Although tephrite had little agronomic response on evaluated soils and crops, it also meets the SR requirements. Siltstone fulfilled most of NI5 criteria, except for exceeding the maximum content of free silica (quartz); therefore, it likely does not meet the requirements for its admittance as a SR.

Fresh and pasteurized orange juice analysis by TXRF

Orange is considered the main product of the Brazilian citrus agro-industrial complex. However, in the end of 2016, the ANVISA pointed out orange as a risky product due to contamination using pesticides in its cultivation. Therefore, in this context, an analysis of the chemical elements present in fresh and pasteurized orange juices becomes extremely relevant. Thus, this work aims to quantify the elements that are present in fresh and pasteurized orange juices, using the TXRF technique. Samples of fresh orange juice of Pêra variety were acquired in a store in the city of Londrina-PR, were analysed; three samples of oranges were purchased at a store in Itápolis, São Paulo and five more samples of Pêra orange were obtained in the rural area. Samples of pesticides used in orange cultivation were quantified, and three different trademarks of pasteurized juice were analysed. In some of the samples that were collected in Itápolis-SP market, lead (Pb) element was quantified, however its concentration was within the limit established by Brazilian legislation. The aluminium (Al) element was detected in all samples of pasteurized orange juice, showing the influence of the packaging on the elemental concentration of the juice. All pesticides quantified in this work showed a significant concentration of some micro-contaminants, but when the pesticide was diluted in deionized water, those micro-contaminants could not be quantified.

The first troglobitic Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the karst area of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil: a threatened species

Pseudochthonius ramalhosp. nov. is described to Gruna do Vandercir cave, in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This area has an extensive limestone outcrop, with several caves, and the occurrence of potential minerals that are financially attractive for mining projects. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and absence or reduction of eyes. It is a rare troglobitic species, and following the criteria of IUCN, we categorized the species as Critically Endangered – CR, IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). According to Brazilian legislation, locations, where critically endangered species live, can be protected by law, and we consider this cave/region to be of maximal relevance for protection.

Building a microneurosurgical laboratory in Latin America: challenges and possibilities

Background: Training in microsurgical neuroanatomy is a priority for neurosurgical education. During the 20th century, microsurgical laboratories arose and provided a way to develop surgical skills. Few reports addressed the assembly, construction, and details of a training laboratory. Methods: We have conducted a literature review and searched legislation on the need to plan the structure of the laboratory. Results: We projected and built a laboratory through a public-private partnership. High-tech workstations and instruments were planned to meet the needs of residents, fellows, and student. All steps and materials were in accordance with the Brazilian legislation and articles previously selected. Conclusion: We described our experience and demonstrated the implementation of a micro neurosurgical skills laboratory.

Effects of addition of swine skin on the technological characteristics of mortadella produced in an industrial unit

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the addition of swine skin on the technological characteristics of mortadella formulations produced on industrial scale. The effects of concentrations of swine skin (1.5 to 5.5 %) and sodium chloride (2 to 3 %) on total protein, total fat, starch, moisture, water activity, sodium, pH and texture profile (hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness and chewiness) were evaluated and compared to a mortadella formulation without swine skin addition. The mortadella formulations with addition of 3.5 to 5.5 % swine skin and 2 to 2.5 % sodium chloride are in accordance with Brazilian legislation and provided an increase of approximately 12 % in protein content, a decrease of 14 % in sodium content and a water activity less than 0.9488. The swine skin and sodium chloride provided stability to the mortadella and influenced its texture, mainly in hardness, elasticity and chewiness.

Effect of storage on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of goat milk fermented by Lactobacillus strains isolated from minas artisanal cheeses

Lactobacillus spp. are lactic acid bacteria which have important implications for the food industry due to their fermentation capacities. The aims of this research were to produce fermented goat milks with Lactobacillus plantarum B7 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1, isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheeses, and to evaluate their physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial qualities during 30 days of storage at 7°C. The goat milks, fermented by B7, D1, co-culture and a Lactobacillus casei Shirota control, possessed acceptable physico-chemical characteristics to meet fermented milk standards established by Brazilian legislation and maintain the viability of Lactobacillus spp. throughout the shelf life of the products. The products were microbiologically safe. D1 fermented goat milk gave higher consumer sensory quality acceptance and purchase intention (p<0.05) than other treatments, thus Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1 is recommended for fermented goat milk production.

The Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Coppa with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis (BB12) probiotic

Motivated by the growing demand for functional foods, probiotics added to food products is a reality in the market. Its application in fermented sausages is considered promising, as its processing does not use heat treatment and with that there is no considerable loss of these microorganisms. In this study, the application of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (BB12) was carried out in coppa. Three treatments were developed, consisting of control (C) without probiotic, BB1 with the addition of probiotic and 0.02% curing salt, and BB2 with probiotic and 50% reduction in curing salt (0.01%). Subsequently, possible changes in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics were analyzed, as well as the viability of the culture in the fermented product. All samples were presented according to the Brazilian legislation for the attributes of moisture, protein, and lipids. Probiotics showed a positive influence on the stabilization of lipid oxidation and microencapsulated probiotics proved to be viable after the ripening period of 30 days in treatment BB2. There was no significant difference between the samples for sensory analysis, so it is possible to state that the addition of BB12 is an alternative to obtain a product with all the benefits of functional foods.

O DIREITO SUCESSÓRIO DOS FILHOS HAVIDOS POR INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL HOMÓLOGA PÓS-MORTEM

The present work aims to analyze whether the children conceived after the death of the parent by homologous fertilization have the right to inheritance, seeking to conceptualize the institutes of inheritance law and artificial insemination, analyzing the constitutional principles and the sources of law, so that find the best answer on the topic. The article will be divided into 3 parts. The first will try to explain the succession law (master of the law that regulates the transfer of assets, rights and obligations to the heir after the death of an individual) in the light of Brazilian legislation, explaining the existing Types of Succession. The second part of this article will address Assisted Human Reproduction, pointing out the different conceptions of the concept of family that has undergone significant modification over time. In addition, the second part will also deal with Artificial Insemination, which is an assisted reproduction treatment that expands the possibilities of fertilization of the egg, as well as its divisions. It also points out the principles of Brazilian law applicable to assisted human reproduction. The last part of this work will analyze post mortem artificial insemination and the effects on inheritance law based on legislation, doctrine and principles applicable to the subject, pointing out the three doctrinal currents that emerged with the aim of filling this legislative vacuum. This research is categorized as explanatory, as it aims to identify the factors that determine and contribute to the succession of the post mortem inseminated child, the procedure used in this study will be the bibliographic research.

O PROBLEMA DA POLUIÇÃO POR ÓLEO ORIUNDO DE NAVIOS NAS ÁGUAS DE JURISDIÇÃO NACIONAL: COMPREENSÃO DAS CAUSAS-RAIZ DOS ACIDENTES QUE PROVOCAM DERRAMAMENTO DE PETRÓLEO NO MAR

The present study has as a research theme the pollution of the national maritime waters caused by the operations of extraction, storage and transport of oil and its derivatives. Its general objective is to analyze how the understanding of the causes of pollution arising from the extraction, storage and transportation of oil and its derivatives helps to reduce the contamination of the Brazilian maritime waters, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of these waters. It is the result of a bibliographical research based on the works of Eliane M. Octaviano Martins 2007 and 2009. Thus, the first chapter showed that accidents with oil spills are considered to be more harmful to the environment compared to other types of pollution in the sea. In addition, human error was highlighted as the most important error in maritime accidents and was related to the poor training of the professionals involved in the operation. The study facilitates understanding of the major flaws in the prevention of marine pollution from oil spills and shows the importance of risk management. It addresses the Brazilian position regarding international maritime safety standards and prevention of the marine environment. It evidences the importance of controlling the damage caused by an oil spill accident through efficient response in a timely manner to the distress. It exposes the condition of Brazil in the IMO, some Brazilian legislation and IMO codes and conventions. It shows how many standards are developed for the purpose of responding to major accidents both nationally and internationally. It demonstrates the harm caused by the lack of speed in enacting laws and enforcing standards. It presents some unilateral measures, some regional agreements and their effects. The overall goal is achieved through specific objectives. The paper concludes that oil production has sufficient economic and social relevance to assume its risks and that prevention of pollution is the best way to improve the quality of the Brazilian marine environment.