scholarly journals Targeting the uncertainty of predictions at patient-level using an ensemble of classifiers coupled with calibration methods, Venn-ABERS, and Conformal Predictors: A case study in AD

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 103350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma Pereira ◽  
Sandra Cardoso ◽  
Manuela Guerreiro ◽  
Alexandre Mendonça ◽  
Sara C. Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Of Classifiers ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Conformal Predictors ◽  
Calibration Methods

A Pareto-based Ensemble with Feature and Instance Selection for Learning from Multi-Class Imbalanced Datasets

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fernández ◽  
Cristobal José Carmona ◽  
María José del Jesus ◽  
Francisco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Ensemble Of Classifiers ◽  
Imbalanced Classification ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Wrapper Approach ◽  
C4.5 Decision Tree ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Imbalanced classification is related to those problems that have an uneven distribution among classes. In addition to the former, when instances are located into the overlapped areas, the correct modeling of the problem becomes harder. Current solutions for both issues are often focused on the binary case study, as multi-class datasets require an additional effort to be addressed. In this research, we overcome these problems by carrying out a combination between feature and instance selections. Feature selection will allow simplifying the overlapping areas easing the generation of rules to distinguish among the classes. Selection of instances from all classes will address the imbalance itself by finding the most appropriate class distribution for the learning task, as well as possibly removing noise and difficult borderline examples. For the sake of obtaining an optimal joint set of features and instances, we embedded the searching for both parameters in a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm, using the C4.5 decision tree as baseline classifier in this wrapper approach. The multi-objective scheme allows taking a double advantage: the search space becomes broader, and we may provide a set of different solutions in order to build an ensemble of classifiers. This proposal has been contrasted versus several state-of-the-art solutions on imbalanced classification showing excellent results in both binary and multi-class problems.

Professional Collaboration in Services for Mentally Handicapped People

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Ferlie ◽  
Jan Pahl ◽  
Lyn Quine
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Handicapped People

ABSTRACTThere has been growing academic and practitioner interest in the problems of and opportunities for joint working in the care of mentally handicapped people. The paper outlines alternative methods of such joint working and tests these against survey and case study evidence. Attention is drawn to the danger that joint working may have little impact at patient level and the paper recommends an emphasis on the appointment of frontline key workers.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application of Ayurvedic Therapies in Raktapradar after Rajonivritti: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Tomar Pravesh ◽  
Lal Sudeep ◽  
Jugran Sonali
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Present Case Study

Post-menopausal bleeding is reported in about 4 to 11percent of women. Its causes incudes several factors which may be benign or malignant. Benign factors can be managed at out-patient level and Ayurvedic procedures of Prakshalana and Pichu can be its alternative for management. Present case study is of post-menopausal bleeding where by the use of these Ayurvedic procedures, first the cause of bleeding was revealed and then, after removal of factor, it provided compete relief from bleeding. Thus, Ayurvedic procedures of Prakshalana and Pichu had two benefits in this case- diagnostic as well as therapeutic.

scholarly journals ‘It is a question of determination’: a case study of monitoring and evaluation of integrated family planning services in urban areas of Togo

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Helen Baker ◽  
Roger Rochat ◽  
Kenneth Hepburn ◽  
Monique Hennink ◽  
Macoumba Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Care Workers

Background: Integrating family planning into postabortion and postpartum services can increase contraceptive use and decrease maternal and child death; however, little information exists on the monitoring and evaluation of such programs. This article draws on research completed by the EngenderHealth’s AgirPF project in three urban areas of Togo on the extent to which monitoring and evaluation systems of health services, which operated within the AgirPF project area in Togo, captured integrated family planning services. Methods: This mixed methods case study used 25 health facility assessments with health service record review in hospitals, large community clinics, a dispensary, and private clinics and 41 key informant interviews with health faculty, individuals working at reproductive health organizations, individuals involved in reproductive health policy and politics, health care workers, and health facility directors. Results: The study found the reporting system for health care was labor intensive and involved multiple steps for health care workers. The system lacked a standardized method to record family planning services as part of other health care at the patient level, yet the Ministry of Health required integrated family planning services to be reported on district and partner organization reporting forms. Key informants suggested improving the system by using computer-based monitoring, streamlining the reporting process to include all necessary information at the patient level, and standardizing what information is needed for the Ministry of Health and partner organizations. Conclusion: Future research should focus on assessing the best methods for recording integrated health services and task shifting of reporting. Recommendations for future policy and programming include consolidating data for reproductive health indicators, ensuring type of information needed is captured at all levels, and reducing provider workload for reporting.

scholarly journals Tie-System Calibration for the Experimental Setup of Large Deployable Reflectors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cammarata ◽  
Rosario Sinatra ◽  
Riccardo Rigato ◽  
Pietro Davide Maddio
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Rod System ◽  
Manufacturing Errors ◽  
Nodal Coordinates ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Flexible Ring

The tradeoff between the design phase and the experimental setup is crucial to satisfy the accuracy requirement of Large Deployable Reflectors. Manufacturing errors and tolerances change the RMS of the reflecting surface and require careful calibration of the tie rod system to be able to fit into the initial design specifications. To give a possible solution to this problem, here two calibration methods, respectively for rigid and flexible ring truss support, are described. Starting from the acquired experimental data on the net nodal coordinates, the initial problem of satisfying the static equilibrium at the measured configuration is described. Then, two constrained optimization problems, for rigid and flexible ring truss support, are defined to meet RMS accuracy of the reflecting surface modifying the tie lengths. Finally, a case study to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods is presented.

Exploring the validity of a synthetic control arm (SCA) for augmentation or replacement of a randomized control in difficult-to-study indications: A case study in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20521-e20521
Author(s):  
Ruthie Davi ◽  
Xiang Yin ◽  
Mark Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Patient Level Data ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

e20521 Background: The randomized clinical trial (RCT) is the gold standard in drug development. However, for indications where patients have a strong preference for the investigational product, such as many oncology and rare diseases, the use of a SCA may improve drug development and reduce patient burden. SCA is an external control constructed from patient-level data from previous clinical trials to match the baseline characteristics of the patients in an investigational group and can augment a single-arm trial or a RCT compromised by control arm early withdrawal or noncompliance in order to estimate treatment effects. This research explores whether the treatment effect (difference between arms) based on an SCA can mimic the treatment effect from a RCT. Tipping point analyses were explored to assess the impact of unobserved confounders on the SCA-based demonstration of efficacy. Methods: This case study is based on patient-level data from previous clinical trials in R/R MM. The SCA patients satisfied key eligibility criteria of the target RCT and were further selected using propensity score methods to balance the baseline characteristics in the SCA with the target randomized treatment group (TRT) from the original RCT. Sensitivity analyses utilizing methods proposed by Lin (1998) illustrate the robustness of the treatment effect to unobserved covariate(s). Results: Comparable balance was achieved in observed baseline characteristics between SCA and the matched patients from TRT. The treatment effect utilizing SCA is similar to the original RCT. The Kaplan Meier curve of overall survival for the SCA overlaps with that of the randomized control and the quantified differences between SCA and the matched patients from TRT are very similar to the original RCT. Tipping point analyses show changes in HRs under representative sets of assumptions regarding the unobserved confounder (results not shown). Conclusions: This case study demonstrates an SCA built from previous clinical trials, can be well-balanced at baseline with TRT and can provide similar treatment effect estimates as a RCT. Tipping point analyses can elucidate whether treatment effects are reliable despite a reasonable degree of confounding expected in a clinical setting. This suggests, in some settings, SCA can be used to augment or replace a randomized control in future trials without loss of understanding of the treatment effect. [Table: see text]

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