Effects of stress shielding and subsequent restressing on mechanical properties of regenerated and residual tissues in rabbit patellar tendon after resection of its central one-third

We studied the effects of restressing on the mechanical properties and morphology of stress-shielded rabbit patellar tendons. After completely unloading the patellar tendon for 1 to 3 weeks, tension was again applied to the tendon for the subsequent 3 to 12 weeks. Although the stress shielding markedly decreased the tangent modulus and tensile strength of the tendon, restressing significantly increased them. However, the mechanical properties of the tendon were not completely recovered even after a prolonged period of restressing. The microstructure of the tendon was also restored by although the recovery was incomplete. These results indicate that the mechanical properties and morphology of tendinous tissue change in response to mechanical demands.

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Effect of stress shielding on the mechanical properties of healing tissue in the patellar tendon after removal of its central third

Proceedings of the JSME Bioengineering Conference and Seminar ◽

10.1299/jsmebs.2002.13.0_21 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002.13 (0) ◽

pp. 21-22

Author(s):

Takafumi HIRO ◽

Yoshiaki KITAMURA ◽

Harukazu TOHYAMA ◽

Kazunori YASUDA ◽

Kozaburo HAYASHI

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Healing Tissue

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Effects of complete stress-shielding on the mechanical properties and histology of in situ frozen patellar tendon

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.1100110414 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 592-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Kazunori Ohno ◽

Kazunori Yasuda ◽

Noritaka Yamamoto ◽

Kiyoshi Kaneda ◽

Kozaburo Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Stress Shielding

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Effects of Stress Shielding on Autografts in Augmentation Procedures: Experimental Studies Using the In Situ Frozen Patellar Tendon

Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research ◽

10.1007/978-4-431-66859-6_33 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 363-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kazunori Yasuda ◽

Kozaburo Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Patellar Tendon ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Effects Of Stress

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Biomechanical effects of stress shielding of the rabbit patellar tendon depend on the degree of stress reduction

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.1100140306 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 377-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Tokifumi Majima ◽

Kazunori Yasuda ◽

Takashi Fujii ◽

Noritaka Yamamoto ◽

Kozaburo Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patellar Tendon ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Effects Of Stress

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Effects of Stress Shielding on the Mechanical Properties of Rabbit Patellar Tendon

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2895466 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

N. Yamamoto ◽

K. Ohno ◽

K. Hayashi ◽

H. Kuriyama ◽

K. Yasuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Steel Wire ◽

Stress Shielding ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Tibial Tubercle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Ligament ◽

Control Value

Mechanical properties of the stress-shielded patellar tendon were studied in the rabbit knee. Stress shielding was accomplished by stretching a stainless-steel wire installed between the patella and tibial tubercle and thus, releasing the tension in the patellar tendon completely. Tensile tests were carried out on the specimens obtained from the patellar tendons which were exposed to the stress shielding for 1 to 6 weeks. The stress shielding changed the mechanical properties of the patellar tendon significantly: it decreased the tangent modulus and tensile strength to 9 percent of the control values after 3 weeks. There was a 131 percent increase in the cross-sectional area and a 15 percent decrease in the tendinous length. Remarkable changes were also observed in the structural properties: for example, the maximum load of the bone-tendon complex decreased to 20 percent of the control value after 3 weeks. Histological studies showed that the stress shielding increased the number of fibroblasts and decreased the longitudinally aligned collagen bundles. These results imply that if no stress is applied to the autograft in the case of augmentative reconstruction of the knee ligament, the graft strength decreases remarkably.

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Effects of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties and failure of human patellar tendon

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110345 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110345

Author(s):

Colin R. Firminger ◽

W. Brent Edwards

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cyclic Loading ◽

Patellar Tendon

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Habitual loading results in tendon hypertrophy and increased stiffness of the human patellar tendon

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.90361.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 805-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

C. Couppé ◽

M. Kongsgaard ◽

P. Aagaard ◽

P. Hansen ◽

J. Bojsen-Moller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Isometric Contractions ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strength Difference ◽

Distal Tendon

The purpose of this study was to examine patellar tendon (PT) size and mechanical properties in subjects with a side-to-side strength difference of ≥15% due to sport-induced loading. Seven elite fencers and badminton players were included. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the PT obtained from MRI and ultrasonography-based measurement of tibial and patellar movement together with PT force during isometric contractions were used to estimate mechanical properties of the PT bilaterally. We found that distal tendon and PT, but not mid-tendon, CSA were greater on the lead extremity compared with the nonlead extremity (distal: 139 ± 11 vs. 116 ± 7 mm2; mid-tendon: 85 ± 5 vs. 77 ± 3 mm2; proximal: 106 ± 7 vs. 83 ± 4 mm2; P < 0.05). Distal tendon CSA was greater than proximal and mid-tendon CSA on both the lead and nonlead extremity ( P < 0.05). For a given common force, stress was lower on the lead extremity (52.9 ± 4.8 MPa) compared with the nonlead extremity (66.0 ± 8.0 MPa; P < 0.05). PT stiffness was also higher in the lead extremity (4,766 ± 716 N/mm) compared with the nonlead extremity (3,494 ± 446 N/mm) ( P < 0.05), whereas the modulus did not differ (lead 2.27 ± 0.27 GPa vs. nonlead 2.16 ± 0.28 GPa) at a common force. These data show that a habitual loading is associated with a significant increase in PT size and mechanical properties.

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