Cognitive bias modification for attention and interpretation reduces trait and state anxiety in anxious patients referred to an out-patient service: Results from a pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Brosan ◽  
Laura Hoppitt ◽  
Lorna Shelfer ◽  
Alison Sillence ◽  
Bundy Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Patient Service ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

10.2196/11517 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e11517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Otkhmezuri ◽  
Marilisa Boffo ◽  
Panote Siriaraya ◽  
Maria Matsangidou ◽  
Reinout W Wiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Bias Modification

Background Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes. Objective This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness. Methods A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed. Results The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence. Conclusions This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.

Smartphone-based cognitive bias modification training improves healthy food choice in obesity: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Kakoschke ◽  
Chloe Hawker ◽  
Ben Castine ◽  
Barbora de Courten ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Healthy Food Choice ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals Positive Imagery Cognitive Bias Modification in Treatment-Seeking Patients with Major Depression in Iran: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Torkan ◽  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Emily A. Holmes ◽  
Mehrdad Kalantari ◽  
Hamid Taher Neshat-Doost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals A pilot study of interpretive cognitive bias modification for OCD

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871877896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Black ◽  
Jessica R. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Bias Modification

Previous research suggests that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) lack confidence in their memories and experience intolerance of uncertainty regarding the completion of tasks, which fuels compulsive rituals. The current pilot study aimed to test a novel interpretive cognitive bias modification (CBM-I) training to attenuate maladaptive thinking styles related to memory distrust, intolerance of uncertainty, and perfectionism. A two-condition (CBM-I training: positive, control) repeated measures design was used to examine the effect of repeated CBM-I training. Participants diagnosed with OCD completed measures of interpretive biases, self-reported symptoms, and behavioral responses. Participants in both conditions interpreted novel ambiguous scenarios more adaptively and endorsed more adaptive OC-relevant beliefs following training. Findings were mixed for behavioral assessments of checking, uncertainty, and perfectionism. Although the small sample size and heterogeneity of the sample limits the conclusions that can be drawn, results highlight opportunities to improve experimental paradigms with better control conditions and idiographic stimuli.

How Does Cognitive Bias Modification Affect Anxiety? Mediation Analyses and Experimental Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elske Salemink ◽  
Marcel van den Hout ◽  
Merel Kindt
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Bias Modification

Background: There is overwhelming evidence that anxiety is associated with the tendency to interpret information negatively. The causal relationship between this interpretive bias and anxiety has been examined by modifying interpretive bias and examining effects on anxiety. A crucial assumption is that the effect of the procedure on anxiety is mediated by change in interpretive bias rather than being a direct effect of the procedure. Surprisingly, this had not previously been tested. Aim: The aim is to test whether altered interpretive bias, following Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I), affected anxiety. Method: Mediational path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that changes in anxiety are due to changes in interpretive bias. A separate experiment was conducted to test which elements of the procedure could be responsible for a direct mood effect. Results: Results from mediation analyses suggested that changes in trait anxiety, after performing CBM-I, were indeed caused by an altered interpretive bias, whilst changes in state anxiety appear to be caused by the procedure itself. The subsequent experiment showed that state anxiety effects could be due to exposure to valenced materials. Conclusions: Changed state anxiety observed after CBM-I is not a valid indicator of a causal relationship. The finding that CBM-I affected interpretive bias, which in turn affected trait anxiety, supports the assumption of a causal relationship between interpretive bias and trait anxiety. This is promising in light of possible clinical implications.

scholarly journals Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Otkhmezuri ◽  
Marilisa Boffo ◽  
Panote Siriaraya ◽  
Maria Matsangidou ◽  
Reinout W Wiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Bias Modification

BACKGROUND Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes. OBJECTIVE This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness. METHODS A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed. RESULTS The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence. CONCLUSIONS This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.

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