Causal role for inverse reasoning on obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Preliminary evidence from a cognitive bias modification for interpretation bias study

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiu F. Wong ◽  
Jessica R. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Saeed Nasiry ◽  
◽  
Zahra Ameli ◽  
Pegah Pezeshki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bias Modification

Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention. Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.

Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive bias modification for interpretation as an adjunctive treatment for OCD and related disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J Falkenstein ◽  
Kara N. Kelley ◽  
Devin Dattolico ◽  
Jennie M Kuckertz ◽  
Andreas Bezahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Bias Modification

Background: Cognitive models implicate interpretation bias in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), and research supports Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) in targeting this mechanism. However, prior studies in OCRDs have been limited to nonclinical populations, adolescents, and adults in a laboratory setting. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I as an adjunctive intervention during intensive/residential treatment (IRT) for adults with OCRDs.Method: We modified a lab-based CBM-I training for adults seeking IRT for OCRDs, and conducted a feasibility trial (N = 4) and subsequent pilot RCT; participants (N = 31) were randomized to receive CBM-I or psychoeducation.Results: Benchmarks were met for feasibility, acceptability, and target engagement. From pre- to post-intervention, the CBM-I group showed a large effect for change in interpretation bias (d = .90), whereas this effect was trivial (d = .06) for psychoeducation.Conclusions: This was the first study to evaluate CBM-I in naturalistic treatment for OCRDs. Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of CBM-I in this novel sample and setting. A larger scale RCT is needed to determine whether CBM-I can enhance OCRD treatment response.

scholarly journals Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

10.2196/11517 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e11517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Otkhmezuri ◽  
Marilisa Boffo ◽  
Panote Siriaraya ◽  
Maria Matsangidou ◽  
Reinout W Wiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Bias Modification

Background Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes. Objective This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness. Methods A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed. Results The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence. Conclusions This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.

scholarly journals ABC Training: A New Theory-Based Form of Cognitive-Bias Modification to Foster Automatization of Alternative Choices in the Treatment of Addiction and Related Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Catalina Köpetz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
Bias Modification

Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of interventions that target common distortions in thinking (cognitive-bias modification, or CBM). Although there is evidence of their effectiveness as add-ons to regular treatment in alcohol addiction, the effects are typically small, and recent findings from lab studies have called into question the dominant theoretical underpinnings of CBM. We provide a novel theoretical approach in terms of automatic inferences that integrates previous findings and suggests ways to improve CBM into ABC training. In ABC training, patients are trained in the context of personally relevant antecedents (A) to make behavioral choices (B) that accord with patients’ health goals in light of their consequences (C). We discuss preliminary evidence suggesting that ABC training might be a useful tool in the treatment of addictions and related disorders.

scholarly journals Emotional Bias Modification in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): New Research Vista

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4028
Author(s):  
Zhang Melvyn ◽  
Aloysius Chow ◽  
Ranganath Vallabhajosyula ◽  
Daniel SS Fung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Bias Modification

Whilst cognitive bias modification was initially used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, it is also currently being used for the treatment of other psychopathologies. In fact, cognitive bias modification has been especially well-investigated amongst children and adolescents. A recent review suggests some evidence for the modification of interpretative biases amongst children with neurodevelopment disorders. There have since been other studies reporting of the existence of other cognitive biases, such as emotional biases, amongst individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This perspective article will discuss the epidemiology of ADHD and the nature of emotional biases that are present amongst individuals with ADHD. This perspective article also reviewed some of the studies that have assessed and modified emotional biases in individuals with ADHD. A total of three studies have been identified from the published literature that provide evidence for targeting emotional biases amongst individuals with ADHD. These studies provide us with preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of modifying emotional biases and how it could help in ameliorating symptoms related to emotional dysregulation. There needs to be future research in this area with further evidence supporting the effectiveness of modifying emotional biases. It is also crucial for future research to determine which of these tools is best at detecting such biases, and which of these tools are versatile enough and non-invasive that they could safely be implemented for both research and clinical needs.

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