Choline acetyltransferase of the common type immunoreactivity in the rat brain following different heroin treatments: A pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Casini ◽  
Giorgio Vivacqua ◽  
Francesco E. Pontieri ◽  
Hiroshi Kimura ◽  
Jean P. Bellier ◽  
...  
2008 ◽  
Vol 509 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana D'Este ◽  
Shin Kimura ◽  
Arianna Casini ◽  
Akinori Matsuo ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bellier ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Matsuo ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bellier ◽  
Tadashi Hisano ◽  
Yoshinari Aimi ◽  
Osamu Yasuhara ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esvet Mutlu ◽  
Allison J. Wroe ◽  
Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽  
Jon S. Brazier ◽  
Ian R. Poxton

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.


Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli

The purpose of this study is to examine the risks of using statistical tools in a project basis. A systematic search of certain academic databases has been conducted for this study. Statistical tools could be used in a project, and they should be properly planned and designed. Statistical tools include major activities, such as collecting and analyzing data, providing meaningful interpretation, and reporting findings. When dealing with statistical tools, there are several risks that may exist and impact the project either positively or negatively. This study covers a brief outline of the risk management, statistical tools, and the relationship between the two concepts. Finally, a discussion of the common type of risks that are initiated by using statistical analysis tools are provided, which could be planned, identified, and analyzed in the early stages of the project.


Author(s):  
Shintaro Torigoe

This paper reports the second pilot study of the Portuguese Vocabulary Profile (PVP) project, a Portuguese vocabulary list for learners in Japan based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Inspired by the English Vocabulary Profile (Capel, 2010, 2012), the PVP takes a learner-centric approach. For this study, the author modified the first pilot version which was constructed solely from learner corpora (Torigoe, 2016a) by comparing it with a word list based on a corpus of Portuguese textbooks published in Japan. The result is a broadened vocabulary for both the elementary and intermediate levels. The major improvement is that some intuitively basic words, including numbers, months of the year, foods, and facilities, which had been previously categorized as intermediate or advanced level words or which were missing from the first version due to their low frequency were correctly categorized as the elementary level words. However, the norm of word classification remains somewhat arbitrary given that the small size of both the input (learner corpora) and the comparative data (textbook corpus) does not allow for the use of statistical methods with less frequent words.


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