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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh ◽  
Alireza Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Zarei

Background: Bufavirus (BuV), Human Cosavirus (HCoSV), and Saffold (SAFV) virus are three newly discovered viruses and have been suggested as possible causes of gastroenteritis (GE) in some studies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the overall prevalence of viruses and their association with GE.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar between 2007 and 2021 to find studies on the prevalence of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV viruses.Result: Meta-analysis of the 46 included studies showed the low prevalence of BuV (1.%, 95% CI 0.6–1.5%), HCoSV (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4–1.5%), and SAFV (1.9%, 95% CI 1.1–3.1%) worldwide. Also, no significant association between these viruses and GE was observed. BuV was isolated from patients with GE in Africa, while SAFV was more common in Europe. BuV1 and BuV2 have the same prevalence between the three identified genotypes of BuV. HCoSV-C was the most prevalent genotype of HCoSV, and SAFV2 was the commonest genotype of SAFV. All of these viruses were more prevalent in children older than 5 years of age.Conclusion: This was the first meta-analysis on the prevalence and association of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV with GE. While no significant association was found between infection with these viruses and GE, we suggest more studies, especially with case-control design and from different geographical regions in order to enhance our knowledge of these viruses.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Lambert ◽  
Orthis Saha ◽  
Bruna Soares Landeira ◽  
Ana Raquel Melo de Farias ◽  
Xavier Hermant ◽  
...  

AbstractThe Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) gene is a major susceptibility gene for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Deciphering its pathophysiological role is challenging due to its numerous isoforms. Here we observed in Drosophila that human BIN1 isoform1 (BIN1iso1) overexpression, contrary to human BIN1 isoform8 (BIN1iso8) and human BIN1 isoform9 (BIN1iso9), induced an accumulation of endosomal vesicles and neurodegeneration. Systematic search for endosome regulators able to prevent BIN1iso1-induced neurodegeneration indicated that a defect at the early endosome level is responsible for the neurodegeneration. In human induced neurons (hiNs) and cerebral organoids, BIN1 knock-out resulted in the narrowing of early endosomes. This phenotype was rescued by BIN1iso1 but not BIN1iso9 expression. Finally, BIN1iso1 overexpression also led to an increase in the size of early endosomes and neurodegeneration in hiNs. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the AD susceptibility gene BIN1, and especially BIN1iso1, contributes to early-endosome size deregulation, which is an early pathophysiological hallmark of AD pathology.


Author(s):  
Kayla Y. Abrego Del Castillo ◽  
Cindy-Lee Dennis ◽  
Susan Wamithi ◽  
Laurent Briollais ◽  
Patrick O. McGowan ◽  
...  

Abstract Obesity rates among children are rapidly rising internationally and have been linked to noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. Individual preventive strategies have not effectively reduced global obesity rates, leading to a gap in clinical services regarding the development of early perinatal interventions. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the relationship between maternal BMI and breastfeeding behaviors on child growth trajectories to determine their relevance in developing interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity. The scoping review was guided and informed by the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework. A systematic search was performed in four databases. Studies included in the final review were collated and sorted into relevant themes. A systematic search yielded a total of 5831 records (MEDLINE: 1242, EMBASE: 2629, CINAHL: 820, PubMed: 1140). Results without duplicates (n = 4190) were screened based on relevancy of which 197 relevant-full-text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility resulting in 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and charted for the studies and six themes were identified: (1) healthy behaviors, lifestyle, and social economic status; (2) parental anthropometrics and perinatal weight status; (3) genetics, epigenetics, and fetal programming; (4) early infant feeding; (5) infant growth trajectories; and (6) targeted prevention and interventions. Early life risk factors for child obesity are multifactorial and potentially modifiable. Several at-risk groups were identified who would benefit from early preventative interventions targeting the importance of healthy weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months, and healthy lifestyle behaviors.


2022 ◽  
Vol 924 (2) ◽  
pp. L23
Author(s):  
Wafa Zakri ◽  
S. T. Megeath ◽  
William J. Fischer ◽  
Robert Gutermuth ◽  
Elise Furlan ◽  
...  

Abstract At least half of a protostar’s mass is accreted in the Class 0 phase, when the central protostar is deeply embedded in a dense, infalling envelope. We present the first systematic search for outbursts from Class 0 protostars in the Orion clouds. Using photometry from Spitzer/IRAC spanning 2004 to 2017, we detect three outbursts from Class 0 protostars with ≥2 mag changes at 3.6 or 4.5 μm. This is comparable to the magnitude change of a known protostellar FU Ori outburst. Two are newly detected bursts from the protostars HOPS 12 and 124. The number of detections implies that Class 0 protostars burst every 438 yr, with a 95% confidence interval of 161 to 1884 yr. Combining Spitzer and WISE/NEOWISE data spanning 2004–2019, we show that the bursts persist for more than nine years with significant variability during each burst. Finally, we use 19–100 μm photometry from SOFIA, Spitzer, and Herschel to measure the amplitudes of the bursts. Based on the burst interval, a duration of 15 yr, and the range of observed amplitudes, 3%–100% of the mass accretion during the Class 0 phase occurs during bursts. In total, we show that bursts from Class 0 protostars are as frequent, or even more frequent, than those from more evolved protostars. This is consistent with bursts being driven by instabilities in disks triggered by rapid mass infall. Furthermore, we find that bursts may be a significant, if not dominant, mode of mass accretion during the Class 0 phase.


2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA STECIĄG

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie głównych wyzwań antropocenu dla językoznawstwa oraz wynikający z nich kierunek rozwoju ekolingwistyki w stronę konsiliencji, rozumianej jako idea systematycznego poszukiwania zależności przyczynowych między zjawiskami z różnych dziedzin wiedzy. Integracyjny model ekolingwistyki, który jest budowany od niespełna dekady, zostanie przedstawiony w powiązaniu z najtrudniejszymi problemami poznawczymi „epoki człowieka”, do których zalicza się przełamywanie antropocentryzmu oraz problematyzowanie pojęcia natury. Odpowiedzią ekolingwistów jest sformułowanie zasady nielokalności języka oraz jego znaturalizowany ogląd w hipotezie rozszerzonej ekologii. Z tymi nowymi ideami wiążą się nadzieje na to, że ekolingwistyka nie będzie traktowana jako tematyczny dział językoznawstwa, a stanie się awangardą w takim myśleniu o języku, które dotrzyma kroku trudnym wyzwaniom antropocenu. Ecolinguistics in the Anthropocene Era: Towards Integration and Consilience Summary: The aim of the paper is to present the main challenges that the Anthropocene presents to linguistics, and discuss the subsequent development of ecolinguistics towards consilience, understood as the idea of a systematic search for causal relationships between phenomena from various fields of science. The integrative model of ecolinguistics, which has been built for less than a decade, will be presented in relation to the most difficult cognitive problems of the Human Era, such as the overcoming of anthropocentrism and the addressing of the concept of nature. The solution proposed by ecolinguists is the principle of the non-locality of language and the nature-oriented view of language that follows the Extended Ecology Hypothesis. These new ideas will, hopefully, lead to considering ecolinguistics not so much as a thematic branch of linguistics, but as the avant-garde in such thinking about language that will keep pace with the challenges of the Anthropocene.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0013189X2110661
Author(s):  
Huriya Jabbar ◽  
Francine Menashy

In this review, we explore economic imperialism, a concept that captures the phenomenon of a single discipline’s power over so many facets of social life and policy—including education. Through a systematic search, we examine how economic imperialism has been conceptualized and applied across fields. We uncovered three key, interconnected elements of economic imperialism that hold relevance for education research. First, economics has colonized other disciplines, narrowing the lens through which policymakers have designed education reforms. Second, an overreliance on economic rationales for human behavior neglects other explanations. Third, a focus on economic outcomes of education has subjugated other important aims of education. We share implications for researchers to use economic theory in ways that are interdisciplinary but not imperialist.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-621
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Teixeira Alvares ◽  
José Carlos Barbieri ◽  
Dafne Oliveira Carlos de Morais

Objective of the study: Analyze how Horizontal Innovation enables a company to produce radical and incremental innovations, making it ambidextrous.Methodology/approach: The research is a case study at a mature Brazilian company that puts Horizontal Innovation based on its Employee Suggestion System (ESS) into practice. A total of 18 interviews were conducted, including: all 4 directors and all 10 managers of the organization, in addition to 2 coordinators and 2 researchers.Originality/Relevance: The paper creates and defines the concept of Horizontal Innovation: a type of innovation that originates from all employees, usually stemming from an ESS. The study shows, based on continual ESS operations, how a company can achieve ambidexterity and systematically produce incremental, radical products and processes.Main results: ESS produces radical innovations as well as incremental ones, although the latter occur more frequently, and lead to Horizontal Innovations. The systematic search for Horizontal Innovations paves the way for a company to become ambidextrous, promoting, with the same competence, these two types of innovation.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study contributes to the debate that defends the viability of innovative ambidexterity, and to new insights that clarify how a culture that stimulates ambidexterity can influence the ambidextrous behavior of employees through Horizontal InnovationPractical implications: A new type of innovation is proposed and described, reinforcing the value of an ESS as an important management tool. The case enables comparisons and contrasts with others for best practices benchmarking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Y. Cendes ◽  
P. K. G. Williams ◽  
E. Berger

Abstract We present the first systematic search for GHz frequency radio emission from directly imaged exoplanets using Very Large Array observations of sufficient angular resolution to separate the planets from their host stars. We obtained results for five systems and eight exoplanets located at ≲50 pc through new observations (Ross 458, GU Psc, and 51 Eri) and archival data (GJ 504 and HR 8799). We do not detect radio emission from any of the exoplanets, with 3σ luminosity upper limits of (0.9–23) × 1021 erg s−1. These limits are comparable to the level of radio emission detected in several ultracool dwarfs, including T dwarfs, whose masses are only a factor of two times higher than those of the directly imaged exoplanets. Despite the lack of detections in this pilot study, we highlight the need for continued GHz frequency radio observations of nearby exoplanets at μJy-level sensitivity.


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