Linking the SO2 emission of cement plants to the sulfur characteristics of their limestones: A study of 80 NSP cement lines in China

As one of the most populated regions in China, Sichuan province had been suffering from deteriorated air quality due to the dramatic growth of economy and vehicles in recent years. To deal with the increasingly serious air quality problem, Sichuan government agencies had made great efforts to formulate various control measures and policies during the past decade. In order to better understand the emission control progress in recent years and to guide further control policy formulation, the emission trends and source contribution characteristics of SO2, NOX, PM10 and PM2.5 from 2013 to 2017 were characterized by using emission factor approach in this study. The results indicated that SO2 emission decreased rapidly during 2013–2017 with total emission decreased by 52%. NOX emission decreased during 2013–2015 but started to increase slightly afterward. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions went down consistently during the study period, decreased by 26% and 25%, respectively. In summary, the contribution of power plants kept decreasing, while contribution of industrial combustion remained steady in the past 5 years. The contribution of industrial processes increased for SO2 emission, and decreased slightly for NOX, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. The on-road mobile sources were the largest emission contributor for NOX, accounting for about 32–40%, and its contribution increased during 2013–2015 and then decreased. It was worth mentioning that nonroad mobile sources and natural gas fired boilers were becoming important NOX contributors in Sichuan. Fugitive dust were the key emission sources for PM10 and PM2.5, and the contribution kept increasing in the study period. Comparison results with other inventories, satellite data and ground observations indicated that emission trends developed in this research were relatively credible.

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Finite Element Modeling of Microcrack Growth in Cortical Bone

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4003754 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Susan Mischinski ◽

Ani Ural

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Finite Element ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Line Strength ◽

Crack Deflection ◽

Cement Line ◽

Fracture Properties ◽

Cement Lines ◽

Microcrack Growth

Bone is similar to fiber-reinforced composite materials made up of distinct phases such as osteons (fiber), interstitial bone (matrix), and cement lines (matrix-fiber interface). Microstructural features including osteons and cement lines are considered to play an important role in determining the crack growth behavior in cortical bone. The aim of this study is to elucidate possible mechanisms that affect crack penetration into osteons or deflection into cement lines using fracture mechanics-based finite element modeling. Cohesive finite element simulations were performed on two-dimensional models of a single osteon surrounded by a cement line interface and interstitial bone to determine whether the crack propagated into osteons or deflected into cement lines. The simulations investigated the effect of (i) crack orientation with respect to the loading, (ii) fracture toughness and strength of the cement line, (iii) crack length, and (iv) elastic modulus and fracture properties of the osteon with respect to the interstitial bone. The results of the finite element simulations showed that low cement line strength facilitated crack deflection irrespective of the fracture toughness of the cement line. However, low cement line fracture toughness did not guarantee crack deflection if the cement line had high strength. Long cracks required lower cement line strength and fracture toughness to be deflected into cement lines compared with short cracks. The orientation of the crack affected the crack growth trajectory. Changing the fracture properties of the osteon influenced the crack propagation path whereas varying the elastic modulus of the osteon had almost no effect on crack trajectory. The findings of this study present a computational mechanics approach for evaluating microscale fracture mechanisms in bone and provide additional insight into the role of bone microstructure in controlling the microcrack growth trajectory.

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A cooperative governance model for SO2 emission rights futures that accounts for GDP and pollutant removal cost

Sustainable Cities and Society ◽

10.1016/j.scs.2020.102657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 102657

Author(s):

Laijun Zhao ◽

Lingfeng Yuan ◽

Yong Yang ◽

Jian Xue ◽

Chenchen Wang

Keyword(s):

Pollutant Removal ◽

So2 Emission ◽

Governance Model ◽

Emission Rights ◽

Cooperative Governance

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The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Summer Season or Episodic SO2 Emission Controls to Reduce Acidic Deposition in Eastern North America

Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application V ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-9125-9_2 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 17-31

Author(s):

Brand L. Niemann

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Acidic Deposition ◽

Summer Season ◽

Eastern North America ◽

So2 Emission ◽

Emission Controls

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Large scale modeling of the transport, chemical transformation and mass budget of the sulfur emitted during the April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-11-4533-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4533-4546 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

P. Tulet ◽

N. Villeneuve

Keyword(s):

Dry Deposition ◽

Large Scale ◽

Temporal Evolution ◽

Active Period ◽

General Shape ◽

So2 Emission ◽

Piton De La Fournaise ◽

Scale Modeling ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Large Scale Modeling

Abstract. In April 2007, the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion island) entered into its biggest eruption recorded in the last century. Due to the absence of a sensors network in the vicinity of the volcano, an estimation of degassing during the paroxysmal phase of the event has not been performed. Nevertheless, the SO2 plume and aerosols have been observed by the OMI and CALIOP space sensors, respectively. The mesoscale chemical model MesoNH-C simulates the observed bulk mass of SO2 and the general shape of the SO2 plume spreading over the Indian Ocean. Moreover, an analysis of the SO2 plume budget estimates a total SO2 release of 230 kt, among of which 60 kt have been transformed into H2SO4. 27 kt of SO2 and 21 kt of H2SO4 have been deposited at the surface by dry deposition. With this top down approach, the temporal evolution of the SO2 emission has been estimated during the most active period of the eruption. The peak of degassing was estimated at 1800 kg s−1 in the morning of 6~April. The temporal evolution of SO2 emission presented here can also be used for local studies.

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