Drivers and barriers towards circular economy in the building sector: Stakeholder interviews and analysis of five european countries policies and practices

The article considers the model of circular economy and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine. The authors explore the main aspects of the circular economy and the relationship with the goals of sustainable development. It is noted that the use of innovations and innovation systems is the basis of the circular economy, which will ensure the interdependence between the reduction of non-returnable waste and increase the use of reusable resources, will not improve the ecological and economic condition of the country. The article analyzes the economic content of methods and models of implementation of the circular economy by identifying their impact on the sustainability of economic and government systems. The generalization of world experience in the implemented concepts of the circular economy allowed us to identify 5 main circular business models: circular deliveries, resource recovery, platforms for exchange and sharing, product as a service. The article gives examples of implementation of the principles of circular economy in the production of world brands. Prerequisites and recommendations for the introduction of a circular economy in Ukraine are summarized. It is determined that the introduction of a circular economy is beneficial for the enterprise or company, for consumers, communities and the state as a whole. The advantages in the long run on optimization of material flows, opportunities to enter new markets, expand the scope of services, obtaining additional profits in the field of services are highlighted. The interrelation of business models of circular economy recommended for use in Ukraine is established. The article identifies further steps of the study, which will be aimed at building a model of circular economy, based on the experience of leading European countries, taking into account Ukrainian characteristics, as well as detailed performance criteria for companies implementing circular economy depending on the scope and size.

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Circular cities: an evidence map of research between 2010 and 2020

Discover Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s43621-021-00059-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fedra Vanhuyse ◽

Neal R. Haddaway ◽

Maryna Henrysson

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Circular Economy ◽

European Countries ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Evidence Map ◽

Searchable Database ◽

Recovery Strategies ◽

The World

AbstractWorldwide, cities are implementing circular economy (CE) strategies to reduce the resources they consume and their environmental impact. To understand the CE strategies and sectors cities have been focusing on, we have conducted an evidence map describing the literature published in the last ten years. The main outputs are a searchable database comprising 178 publications showing which cities have been discussed, what CE strategy they are focusing on, and the sectors under review. The results show that most research has focused on European countries. Those efforts mainly concentrate on waste and wastewater management, and recycling and recovery strategies are considered the “lower-level” strategies in the CE taxonomy. It highlights the potential for further research in other cities and regions, looking across sectors and analyzing strategies that tackle the “higher-level” CE strategies. Higher-level strategies include reducing, repurposing, remanufacturing and reusing opportunities to achieve the potential attributed to a CE model by governments across the world.

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Ranking European countries on the basis of their environmental and circular economy performance: A DEA application in MSW

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 181-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Giannakitsidou ◽

Ioannis Giannikos ◽

Anastasia Chondrou

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

European Countries

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Circular Economy in the building sector: Three cases and a collaboration tool

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 976-989 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Eline Leising ◽

Jaco Quist ◽

Nancy Bocken

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Building Sector

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The SS Division ‘Galicia’: Its Genesis, Training, Deployment

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905999308408276 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 53-73

Author(s):

Basyl Dmytryshyn

Keyword(s):

World War I ◽

European Countries ◽

World War ◽

Historical Literature ◽

The World ◽

Historical Fact ◽

Nazi Collaborators ◽

Human Losses ◽

Policies And Practices

It is an indisputable historical fact that between 1933 and 1945 groups and individuals in many countries of Europe, as well as in other parts of the world, sympathized (for different reasons and motives) with Nazi public pronouncements, especially those critical of the post-World War I settlement. It is also an indisputable historical fact that other groups and individuals in many European countries resisted (for different reasons and motives) Nazi domination, policies and practices. Unfortunately, current historical literature does not reflect clearly this dichotomy. Some nations, because of the activities of a few, are portrayed as Nazi collaborators, regardless of the human losses they suffered under Nazi rule; and, conversely, others are presented as anti-Nazi resisters, regardless of their actual contributions.

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The Expiry of Humira® Market Exclusivity and the Entry of Adalimumab Biosimilars in Europe: An Overview of Pricing and National Policy Measures

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.591134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Evelien Moorkens ◽

Brian Godman ◽

Isabelle Huys ◽

Iris Hoxha ◽

Admir Malaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Policy ◽

European Market ◽

European Countries ◽

Market Exclusivity ◽

Originator Product ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Policy Measures ◽

List Prices ◽

Policies And Practices

Background: From October 2018, adalimumab biosimilars could enter the European market. However, in some countries, such as Netherlands, high discounts reported for the originator product may have influenced biosimilar entry.Objectives: The aim of this paper is to provide a European overview of (list) prices of originator adalimumab, before and after loss of exclusivity; to report changes in the reimbursement status of adalimumab products; and discuss relevant policy measures.Methods: Experts in European countries received a survey consisting of three parts: 1) general financing/co-payment of medicines, 2) reimbursement status and prices of originator adalimumab, and availability of biosimilars, and 3) policy measures related to the use of adalimumab.Results: In May 2019, adalimumab biosimilars were available in 24 of the 30 countries surveyed. Following introduction of adalimumab biosimilars, a number of countries have made changes in relation to the reimbursement status of adalimumab products. Originator adalimumab list prices varied between countries by a factor of 2.8 before and 4.1 after loss of exclusivity. Overall, list prices of originator adalimumab decreased after loss of exclusivity, although for 13 countries list prices were unchanged. When reported, discounts/rebates on originator adalimumab after loss of exclusivity ranged from 0% to approximately 26% (Romania), 60% (Poland), 80% (Denmark, Italy, Norway), and 80–90% (Netherlands), leading to actual prices per pen or syringe between €412 (Finland) and €50 – €99 (Netherlands). To leverage competition following entry of biosimilar adalimumab, only a few countries adopted measures specifically for adalimumab in addition to general policies regarding biosimilars. In some countries, a strategy was implemented even before loss of exclusivity (Denmark, Scotland), while others did not report specific measures.Conclusion: Even though originator adalimumab is the highest selling product in the world, few countries have implemented specific policies and practices for (biosimilar) adalimumab. Countries with biosimilars on the market seem to have competition lowering list or actual prices. Reported discounts varied widely between countries.

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