scholarly journals Aggregate eco-efficiency indices for New Zealand—a principal components analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Jollands ◽  
Jonathan Lermit ◽  
Murray Patterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Components Analysis

scholarly journals Tracking the New Zealand English NEAR/SQUARE merger using functional principal components analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gubian ◽  
J Harrington ◽  
M Stevens ◽  
F Schiel ◽  
Paul Warren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Functional Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Functional Principal Components

Copyright © 2019 ISCA The focus of the study is the application of functional principal components analysis (FPCA) to a sound change in progress in which the SQUARE and NEAR falling diphthongs are merging in New Zealand English. FPCA approximated the trajectory shapes of the first two formant frequencies (F1/F2) in a large acoustic database of read New Zealand English speech spanning three different age groups and two regions. The derived FPCA parameters showed a greater degree of centralisation and monophthongisation in SQUARE than in NEAR. Compatibly with the evidence of an ongoing sound change in which SQUARE is shifting towards NEAR, these shape differences were more marked for older than for younger/mid-age speakers. There was no effect of region nor of place of articulation of the preceding consonant; there was a trend for the merger to be more advanced in low frequency words. The study underlines the benefits of FPCA for quantifying the many types of sound changes involving subtle shifts in speech dynamics. In particular, multi-dimensional trajectory shape differences can be quantified without the need for vowel targets nor for determining the influence of the parameters - in this case of the first two formant frequencies - independently of each other.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with a healthy dietary pattern in New Zealand adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S Howe ◽  
Paula ML Skidmore ◽  
Winsome R Parnell ◽  
Jyh Eiin Wong ◽  
Alexandra C Lubransky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Online Lifestyle

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary patterns in adolescents.DesignFood choice was assessed using the validated New Zealand Adolescent FFQ. Principal components analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Trained research assistants measured participants’ height and body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed in a subset of participants using the multistage 20 m shuttle run. The level and stage were recorded, and the corresponding VO2max was calculated. Differences in mean VO2max according to sex and BMI were assessed using t tests, while associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary patterns were examined using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, school attended, socio-economic deprivation and BMI.SettingSecondary schools in Otago, New Zealand.SubjectsStudents (n 279) aged 14–18 years who completed an online lifestyle survey during a class period.ResultsPrincipal components analysis produced three dietary patterns: ‘Treat Foods’, ‘Fruits and Vegetables’ and ‘Basic Foods’. The 279 participants who provided questionnaire data and completed cardiorespiratory fitness testing had a mean age of 15·7 (sd 0·9) years. Mean VO2max was 45·8 (sd 6·9) ml/kg per min. The ‘Fruits and Vegetables’ pattern was positively associated with VO2max in the total sample (β=0·04; 95 %CI 0·02, 0·07), girls (β=0·06; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·10) and boys (β=0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, suggesting both should be targeted as part of a global lifestyle approach. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this association in relation to health outcomes in New Zealand adolescents.

scholarly journals Tracking the New Zealand English NEAR/SQUARE merger using functional principal components analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gubian ◽  
J Harrington ◽  
M Stevens ◽  
F Schiel ◽  
Paul Warren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Functional Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Functional Principal Components

Copyright © 2019 ISCA The focus of the study is the application of functional principal components analysis (FPCA) to a sound change in progress in which the SQUARE and NEAR falling diphthongs are merging in New Zealand English. FPCA approximated the trajectory shapes of the first two formant frequencies (F1/F2) in a large acoustic database of read New Zealand English speech spanning three different age groups and two regions. The derived FPCA parameters showed a greater degree of centralisation and monophthongisation in SQUARE than in NEAR. Compatibly with the evidence of an ongoing sound change in which SQUARE is shifting towards NEAR, these shape differences were more marked for older than for younger/mid-age speakers. There was no effect of region nor of place of articulation of the preceding consonant; there was a trend for the merger to be more advanced in low frequency words. The study underlines the benefits of FPCA for quantifying the many types of sound changes involving subtle shifts in speech dynamics. In particular, multi-dimensional trajectory shape differences can be quantified without the need for vowel targets nor for determining the influence of the parameters - in this case of the first two formant frequencies - independently of each other.

Factor Analysis and Rotation of Responses to the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Affect Factor

To investigate further the basic item-factor structure of the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory, a principal components analysis and varimax rotation were conducted on responses of 866 children (aged 7 to 16 yr.) from schools in the Rotorua area of New Zealand. Ten factors were extracted of which 7 were interpretable. These were named: Factor 1. Neuroticism I (Neurotic affect), Factor 2. Extraversion I (Impulsivity), Factor 3. Lie Scale, Factor 4. Extraversion II (Introversion), Factor 5. Extraversion III (Jocularity), Factor 6. Extraversion IV (Sociability), Factor 8. Neuroticism II (Neurotic ideation).

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

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