Test-retest reliability of the HEXACO-100—And the value of multiple measurements for assessing reliability

Despite the widespread use of the HEXACO model as a descriptive taxonomy of personality traits, there remains limited information on the test-retest reliability of its commonly-used inventories. Studies typically report internal consistency estimates, such as alpha or omega, but there are good reasons to believe that these do not accurately assess reliability. We report 13-day test-retest correlations of the 100- and 60-item English HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-100 and HEXACO-60) domains, facets, and items. In order to test the validity of test-retest reliability, we then compare these estimates to correlations between self- and informant-reports (i.e., cross-rater agreement), a widely-used validity criterion. Median estimates of test-retest reliability were .88, .81, and .65 (N = 416) for domains, facets, and items, respectively. Facets’ and items’ test-retest reliabilities were highly correlated with their cross-rater agreement estimates, whereas internal consistencies were not. Overall, the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised demonstrates test-retest reliability similar to other contemporary measures. We recommend that short-term retest reliability should be routinely calculated to assess reliability.

Comparing the Ability of MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales to Detect Feigning: A Meta-Analysis

Several meta-analyses of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) have examined these instruments’ ability to detect symptom exaggeration or feigning. However, limited research has directly compared whether the scales across these two instruments are equally effective. This study used a moderated meta-analysis to compare 109 MMPI-2 and 41 MMPI-2-RF feigning studies, 83 (56.46%) of which were not included in previous meta-analyses. Although there were differences between the two test versions, with most MMPI-2 validity scales generating larger effect sizes than the corresponding MMPI-2-RF scales, these differences were not significant after controlling for study design and type of symptoms being feigned. Additional analyses showed that the F and Fp-r scales generated the largest effect sizes in identifying feigned psychiatric symptoms, while the FBS and RBS were better at detecting exaggerated medical symptoms. The findings indicate that the MMPI-2 validity scales and their MMPI-2-RF counterparts were similarly effective in differentiating genuine responders from those exaggerating or feigning psychiatric and medical symptoms. These results provide reassurance for the use of both the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF in settings where symptom exaggeration or feigning is likely. Findings are discussed in the context of the recently released MMPI-3.

Factor Convergence and Predictive Analysis of the Five Factor and Alternative Five Factor Personality Models With the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (FFiCD)

The authors analyze and compare the factor convergence and predictive power of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ/SF) with respect to the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (FFiCD). A total of 803 White Spanish subjects were analyzed. All the personality domains had significant predictive power with regard to the FFiCD except NEO Openness. The explained variance of the personality domains with respect to FFiCD Negative Affectivity (71% and 77%) and Detachment (56% and 56%) were similar for NEO-PI-R and ZKA-PQ/SF, respectively, but the NEO-PI-R accounted for greater variance for FFiCD Anankastia, Dissociality, and Disinhibition. The FFiCD facets of Rashness, Thrill-Seeking (Disinhibition), and Unassertiveness (Detachment) were located in factors other than those theoretically expected. The authors conclude that normal personality measured by the NEO-PI-R and the ZKA-PQ/SF contribute, in a differential but complementary way, to knowledge of the maladaptive personality measured by the FFiCD.

Hubungan tipe kepribadian dengan prestasi akademik pada siswa SMA X

LATAR BELAKANGProses pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh tiga unsur dasar, yaitu input, proses, dan luaran (output). Yang termasuk input adalah siswa dengan latar belakangnya. Proses adalah kegiatan pembelajaran yang berupa bentuk interaksi edukatif guru dengan siswa, mencakup pemberian dan pemahaman materi pelajaran. Luaran adalah hasil yang telah dicapai oleh siswa, meliputi kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik. Setiap siswa mempunyai keunikan dan karakter masing-masing. Keunikan ini termasuk tipe kepribadian yang membuat siswa memiliki respon yang berbeda dalam memahami suatu pelajaran, baik dari segi sikap maupun gaya belajar yang menunjang keberhasilan belajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tipe kepribadian dengan prestasi akademik siswa.METODEPenelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 378 siswa kelas XI dan XII IPA Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri X. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) pada bulan September–November 2018. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan batas kemaknaan p<0.05.HASILTipe kepribadian introvert 49.2%, ekstrovert 50.8%. Nilai eksakta tinggi 55.6%, rendah 44.4%. Nilai non-eksakta tinggi 63.8%, rendah 36.2%. Nilai rata-rata tinggi 52.9%, rendah 47.1%. Hubungan bermakna antara tipe kepribadian dengan nilai eksakta (p=0.000); dengan nilai non-eksakta (p=0.000); dan dengan nilai rata-rata (p=0.000).KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan bermakna antara tipe kepribadian dengan prestasi akademik pada siswa SMA X.

The effect of individual differences on the cognitive processes of a witness during interrogation

The article presents an analysis of the different existing conceptions of interrogation and, at the same time, indicates the ambiguity of approaches to the examination of witnesses according to the type of crime, the body conducting the investigation and the tactics used. The study explores the effect of individual differences on the cognitive processes of witnesses in a simulated interrogation. The authors conducted a survey using the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) method. The groups of witnesses are divided not by the types of temperament per se but according to the set of temperamental characteristics (introversion and extraversion; neuroticism) and controlling the sincerity of the interviewees during the test, which significantly improves the reliability of the conclusions (Eysenck Personality Inventory). Finally, the study experimentally demonstrates that the speed of the mental reactions of the witnesses is not uniform and varies according to their temperamental characteristics. This gives reason to affirm the need to adapt to different groups of witnesses before and during their interrogation, giving an account of the peculiarities of their perception and processing of information.

Diagnosis and Psychotherapeutic Needs by Freiburg Personality Inventory in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background Despite recent discoveries in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still face challenges with improvement, remission, and healing. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of patients with IBD with the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the intensity of the colonic disease, comorbidities, and other factors that could be related to the personality of the subjects.Methods Data were collected in the period 2019–2020 from 46 patients from records at two hospitals. This study used nonparametric methods, such as the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney U test, and BOOTSTRAP method. The control group was considered the national normative sample based on the average raw scores on the 12 personality assessment scales using the t test (one sample t test).Results Compared to the control group, the Inhibitedness, Health Concerns, and Emotionality scales had significantly higher raw scores. Additionally, the Social Orientation, Frankness, and Extraversion scales had significantly lower raw scores. Health status was a medical factor that influenced personality scales. On the Somatic Complaints scale, patients who had lesions or comorbidities had significantly higher raw scores. Patients who had comorbidities in addition to IBD had considerably higher raw scores on the Excitability scale.Conclusions Positive affective and cognitive adjustment interventions may aid people with IBD in managing life problems in a balanced manner while interpreting treatment outcomes with confidence. Psychotherapeutic change interventions regarding life perception are required to tackle the description of subjective suffering related to physical inconveniences (Somatic Complaints scale), a strong orientation toward performance (Strain scale), mood swings, anxiety, and pessimism (Emotionality scale). Another intervention is reconsidering values and (re)prioritization, such as family, intimate relationships, friends, health, growth, development, balanced work, all of which can promote a feeling of well-being and balance.