Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others' preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate

Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others’ preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate

10.31234/osf.io/sh3xz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey Martin Lees

Keyword(s):

Implicit Attitudes ◽

Social Judgment ◽

Social Judgments ◽

Large Dataset ◽

Judgment Accuracy ◽

Explicit Attitudes ◽

Componential Analysis ◽

Attitude Measures ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

True Preferences

Drawing from a large dataset of responses to implicit and explicit attitude measures and social judgments of others’ preferences (N = 97,176) across 95 distinct attitude domains, this Registered Report utilized a componential analysis of judgment accuracy to examine whether implicit attitudes affected the accuracy of social judgment. I found evidence that judgments of the population’s preferences were associated with the population’s true implicit (but not explicit) attitudes, and that individuals projected their implicit attitudes in addition to the projection of explicit attitudes when judging the population’s true preferences. However, I found no evidence that stronger or weaker implicit attitudes were uniquely associated with greater or less accuracy in judging the population’s true preferences. These results provide generalizable evidence that implicit attitudes matter greatly for social judgment accuracy in distinct and nuanced ways.

Download Full-text

The self-schema and addictive behaviors: Studies of alcoholic patients

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.2.73 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cyril Tarquinio ◽

Gustave Nicolas Fischer ◽

Aurélie Gauchet ◽

Jacques Perarnaud

Keyword(s):

Decision Time ◽

The Self ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Social Judgments ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Self Schema ◽

Description Task ◽

Positive Traits ◽

First Interview

This study deals with the sociocognitive organization of the self-schema in alcoholic patients. It was aimed at understanding how the self-schema takes shape within the framework of social judgments known to be determinants of personality. Alcoholic subjects were interviewed twice, once during their first consultation for treatment and then again four months later after completion of treatment. Our approach was derived directly from the methodology used by Markus (1977) and Clemmey & Nicassio (1997) in their studies on the self-schema. The subjects had to perform three tasks that required manipulating personality traits with positive and negative connotations (a self-description task in which decision time was measured, an autobiographical task, and a recall task). The results of the first interview showed that 1. in their self-descriptions, alcoholics took more time than control subjects both to accept positive traits and to reject negative ones; 2. unlike control subjects, alcoholics considered more negative traits to be self-descriptive than positive traits, and 3. unlike controls, alcoholics recalled more negative traits than positive ones. By the second interview, the results for the alcoholic subjects on the autobiographical and recall tasks had changed: 1. they now described themselves more positively and less negatively than on the first meeting; 2. they recalled a marginally greater number of positive traits and a significantly smaller number of negative traits, and 3. the differences between the alcoholics and controls indicated an improvement in the alcoholics' self-perceptions.

Download Full-text

Implicit Association Test: Separating Transsituationally Stable and Variable Components of Attitudes toward Gay Men

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027//1618-3169.50.1.33 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 33-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Melanie C. Steffens ◽

Axel Buchner

Keyword(s):

Gay Men ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Implicit Attitudes ◽

Association Test ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Situational Factor ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Implicit Attitude ◽

Implicit Association

Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, using structural equation modeling, we decomposed implicit attitudes towards gay men into a person factor and a situational factor. The Implicit Association Test ( Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ), introduced as an instrument with which individual differences in implicit attitudes can be measured, was used. Measurement was repeated after one week (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). Explicit attitudes towards gay men as assessed by way of questionnaires were positive and stable across situations. Implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead. Internal consistency of the implicit attitude assessment was exemplary. However, the within-situation consistency was accompanied by considerable unexplained between-situation variability. Consequently, it may not be adequate to interpret an individual implicit attitude measured at a given point in time as a person-related, trait-like factor.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 209-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Benoît Testé ◽

Samantha Perrin

Keyword(s):

Social Desirability ◽

Social Value ◽

Social Utility ◽

Western Society ◽

Social Judgments ◽

Just World ◽

The Social ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

Download Full-text