The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

scholarly journals Are victims also judged more positively if they say their lives are just?

Psicologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélder Vinagreiro Alves ◽  
Mariana Mello Breyner ◽  
Sí­lvia Fontinha Nunes ◽  
Bruno Diogo Pereira ◽  
Luí­s Filipe Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Just World ◽  
Innocent Victim ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
Low X ◽  
Study Participants

Non-victims who express high versus low personal belief in a just world (PBJW) are judged as having more social value, both social utility (i.e., market value) and social desirability (i.e., affective value). Our goal was to test whether this pattern differed when the targets were presented as innocent or non-innocent victims of enduring suffering. A hundred and eighty-six participants of both sexes took part in our 2 (degree of PBJW expressed: high/low) X 3 (Target identity: innocent victim/ non-innocent victim/ non-victim) between-subjects experimental study. Participants rated the targets on four measures: positive/negative social utility/desirability. Targets were judged more positively and less negatively if they expressed high versus low PBJW, regardless of their being non-victims or (non-)innocent victims. This pattern is taken as further evidence that the expression of high PBJW is a judgment norm, that is, a socially valued discourse irrespective of it being true or untrue.

Are Some Rabbits More Competent and Warm Than Others?

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Dubois ◽  
Jean-Léon Beauvois
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Psychological Realism ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
The Social

Two theories are compared with respect to their ability to explain the emergence of two dimensions in psychological descriptions of human beings. For psychological realism, the two dimensions are assumed to be two realities existing in a descriptive (quasiscientific) psychology. Psychological descriptions are considered to be real descriptions of people’s personality; for the evaluative approach, the two dimensions are seen as two aspects of people’s social value. The psychological descriptions are considered direct expressions of a person’s social value. The results of three studies in which students were asked to give psychological descriptions of pet rabbits supported the evaluative approach. They showed (1) that a human psychological reality is not a prerequisite for the emergence of either dimension, and (2) that information about the social value of rabbits (social desirability and social utility) is enough to make the two dimensions appear.

scholarly journals The Buffering-Boosting Hypothesis of the Expression of General and Personal Belief in a Just World for Successes and Failures

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélder Alves ◽  
Isabel Correia
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Just World ◽  
Negative Dimension ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Stringent Test

Although past research on the expression of belief in a just world (BJW) identified such statements as judgment norms, it has not ascertained whether their social value holds when individuals refer to good and bad outcomes. We investigated whether this is the case – a more stringent test of the “BJW as judgment norms” view. Participants judged the targets on two dimensions of social value: social desirability and social utility. We hypothesized, and found, that high versus low BJW buffered the negativity of the associated negative dimension(s) of discourses and boosted the positivity of the associated positive dimension(s) of discourses. This buffering-boosting pattern is discussed as revealing the system justification functions of the expression of BJW.

scholarly journals Student Perception of the Social Value of Responsible Management

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Crisanta-Alina Mazilescu ◽  
Laurent Auzoult-Chagnault ◽  
Loredana Ileana Viscu ◽  
Bernard Gangloff
Keyword(s):  
Student Perception ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Managerial Efficiency ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Organisational Level

In responsible management, managerial efficiency and sustainable development meet and influence each other. In order to give meaning to their organisation, to respect and look after their collaborators, a manager must promote a set of values on a personal, organisational and societal level. The purpose of this paper is to study the social value attributed to responsible management by students of a technical university. We have therefore undertaken to study a set of seven values attributed to responsible management and, more precisely, their utility and social desirability on a personal, organisational and societal level. The values have been operationalized with personality descriptors. The 60 participants in this study are students from a Romanian technical university. They had to assess, on four scales of seven points each (two for desirability and two for social utility), the value of a person characterised by one of the seven values attributed to responsible management. The results show us that efficiency is the value perceived by the students as being the most desirable for responsible management, and that in terms of social utility, agility is the most appreciated value. We found that there is indeed an effect of the context in which these values are perceived. Efficiency, audacity, dedication and integrity are perceived as more useful at an organisational level, while solidarity was perceived as more useful on a societal level. At the organisational level we also found a gender effect, in the sense that women appreciate people who are efficient, have integrity or are humble more than men do.

Generazioni e valutazione sociale delle occupazioni

2009 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Amalia Caputo ◽  
Daniela Napoletano
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Labor Flexibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

- In this article the authors analyse the social evaluation of occupations, examining the impact of generation on the judgments about the social desirability of occupations. The authors show that some generational differences are noticeable when looking at the criteria that respondents use to order occupations.Key words: Generation, Labor flexibility, Evaluation criteria, Labor market, Social Stratification, Occupational Stratification Scale

scholarly journals Empowering Women For Sustainable Development Through Active Participation In Social Enterprise’s Sector In Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood Iraqi ◽  
Tehmina Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Women are around 51% of the total population of Pakistan, and they can do miracles through their active participation in economic activities of the country. Empowering women means accrediting half of the population for sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the impact of active women participation in the social enterprise sector for their empowerment, and its subsequent consequences in creation of social value in society. For this purpose, primary data has been collected through random and snowball sampling to gain insight into female practitioner’s perspective. The paper highlights women empowerment as a multi-dimensional phenomenon based on four dimensions: psychological, social, economic and political empowerment. It prime focus on active participation in the social enterprise’s sector may lead to increase in enablement of women, the data shows that majority of female entrepreneur responded that they feel psychologically empowered and have financial contribution in household expenses and in community welfare. Secondly, the paper identifies the major challenges including concern of safety and security, lack of access to financial opportunities and social acceptance of the project that restrict women entrepreneurs from progress and creation of social value. Thirdly, it intends to construct framework for recommendations to promote women social enterprises in Pakistan for sustainable development as a whole.

scholarly journals The Social Value Act 2012: current state of practice in the social housing sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Alex Opoku ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Practices

Purpose The social housing sector is under increasing pressure to do more with less and provide value for money as part of the UK Government’s public debt reduction strategy. This study aims to explore the current practices towards unlocking social value in the housing sector through the adoption of the Social Value Act 2012. The Social Value Act seeks to ensure that public sector procurement deliver added value in terms of social, economic and environmental outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts quantitative research methodology through a survey with 100 housing professionals charged with the delivery of social value outcomes in the social housing sector in England. Findings The results of the study reveal that there is a low level of understanding of the Social Value Act 2012 among the professionals in the social housing sector. Once again, most organisations in the social housing sector do not have social value strategies or policies and rarely consider social value outcomes during procurement. However, employment skills and training and crime and antisocial behaviour reduction are the most social value priority outcomes/needs identified with organisations currently promoting social value in the social housing sector. Social implications The issue of social value has importance towards the wider society, and the study provides an insight into current practices towards the realisation of social value outcomes in the housing sector. Originality/value The Social Value Act 2012 came into force in January 2013, and little has been written on the impact of the Act on the social housing sector in England. This study identifies current practices in the social housing sector towards the delivery of social value outcomes in the day-to-day business operations.

scholarly journals Social Networking in Adolescents: Time, Type and Motives of Using, Social Desirability and Communication Choices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tremolada ◽  
Lucio Silingardi ◽  
Livia Taverna
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Communication Preferences ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Type

The evolution of digital media in adolescents has changed the patterns and motives of use and the impact on their communication choices in their social and family networks. The objectives of this study are to understand how peers communicate adopting a social network (SN) or by voice and their social desirability. After the informant consent signature, the adolescents completed a series of self-report questionnaires on the use of SN, on communication preferences, and on social desirability through online. Most of the adolescents belonged to the 17-19 age group (83.6%) and were female (68.9%). Adolescents spent more than 3 hours/day on Whatsapp and more than 2 hours/day on Instagram, while the use of Facebook was on average only 35 minutes/day. Females used digital media for longer than males. Adolescents aged 17-19 years choose more Facebook and voice modes compared to adolescents aged 14 and 16 years. The alternative modes of Whatsapp and voice were chosen more than the social networks in their communication strategies, especially for negative topics. Motives for use were, in addition to boredom, related to maintaining one's social sphere with peers. Some educative considerations were made based on these results.

scholarly journals SADOMASOCHISTS UNSHACKLED?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Leader-Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

This article provides a response to the article in this volume entitled ‘Is Society Still Shackled with the Chains of a 1993 England?: Consent, Sado-masochism and R v Brown’ by Jordan Moulds. It takes issue with the primary article’s claims that consensual infliction of pain and physical harm is now acceptable and may even possess some social value as recreation. It offers three reflections on the topic of criminal liability for consensual harms. The first has to do with the absence of principle in the South Australian legislative developments. The second casts doubt on the cogency of the primary article’s enquiries into the social utility or benefit of sadomasochism. The third draws attention to another peculiarity of South Australian criminal law, which arises because of the fact that the CLCA offences against the person do not include an offence of causing harm by negligence.

scholarly journals فقہائے اربعہ ؒ کےاقوال کی روشنی میں نصابِ زکوٰۃ کے معاصرانہ تقاضے:ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Dr. Javed Khan ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Social Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Needy

Zakat is one of the main pillars of Islam. On one hand, it purifies the income of the wealthy people, on the other hand, it helps the needy people hence the social value of Islam and brotherhood is promoted. The niṣāb of few things are very clear as mentioned in aḥādīth in quit unambiguous manner just like nisāb of gold, silver, and livestock, etc. However in a situation when a person’s wealth is a mixture of a different kind of Amwāl-e-zakat and none of them reach to the limit of nisāb, especially in the case of gold, silver, and modern-day paper currency,  in this case, whether gold, silver or paper shall be combined for the obligation of zakat or not? Imam Malik, Imam Abū Yūsuf and Imam Muhammad are of the view that the merger shall be based on its quantity/parts((ضم بالاجزاء. On the other hand, according to Imam Abū Ḥanifa, the merger shall be based on the price of gold and silver and the person should be considered nisāb holder if the price of the combined assets reaches the price of nisāb of silver. The above principle shall also be applied for Uzḥiyyah as well. Currently, due to the huge difference in the price of silver and gold, if we take the merger of different assets based on price, people who are not even secure from financial worries become nisāb holder and they have to pay zakat as well as Uzḥiyyah. In this paper, Zakat and its conditions are briefly defined, the issue of the combination of various niṣābs is elaborated, and the modern-day problems in light of the impact of the price of silver on the combination of niṣābs are discussed along with the recommendations.

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