Molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae from Indian leprosy patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallika Lavania ◽  
Itu Singh ◽  
Ravindra P. Turankar ◽  
Madhvi Ahuja ◽  
Vinay Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Leprosy Patients

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Dapsone and Rifampicin Resistance on Mycobacterium leprae from Leprosy Patients in East Java

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
DINAR ADRIATY ◽  
RATNA WAHYUNI ◽  
CITA ROSITA S PRAKOESWA ◽  
NI PUTU SUSARI ◽  
INDROPO AGUSNI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Leprosy Patients

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium leprae from Patients with Leprosy

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3635-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Maeda ◽  
Masanori Matsuoka ◽  
Noboru Nakata ◽  
Masanori Kai ◽  
Yumi Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Leprosy Patients

ABSTRACT Sequences of the folP1, rpoB, and gyrA genes were analyzed for 88 isolates ofMycobacterium leprae from leprosy patients in Japan, Haiti, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Thirteen isolates (14.8%) showed representative mutations in more than two genes, suggesting the emergence of multidrug-resistant M. leprae.

scholarly journals Detection of new Mycobacterium leprae subtype in Bangladesh by genomic characterization to explore transmission patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tió-Coma ◽  
Charlotte Avanzi ◽  
Els M. Verhard ◽  
Louise Pierneef ◽  
Anouk van Hooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Host Evolution

AbstractMycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is an unculturable bacterium with a considerably reduced genome (3.27 Mb) compared to homologues mycobacteria from the same ancestry. M. leprae transmission is suggested to occur through aerosols but the exact mechanisms of infection remains unclear. In 2001, the genome of M. leprae was first described and subsequently four genotypes (1-4) and 16 subtypes (A-P) were identified providing means to study global transmission patterns for leprosy.We investigated M. leprae carriage as well as infection in leprosy patients (n=60) and healthy household contacts (HHC; n=250) from Bangladesh using molecular detection of the bacterial element RLEP in nasal swabs (NS) and slit skin smears (SSS). In parallel, we explored bacterial strain diversity by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Sanger sequencing.In the studied cohort in Bangladesh, M. leprae DNA was detected in 33.3% of NS and 22.2% of SSS of patients with bacillary index of 0 whilst in HHC 18.0% of NS and 12.3% of SSS were positive.The majority of the M. leprae strains detected in this study belonged to genotype 1D (55%), followed by 1A (31%). Importantly, WGS allowed the identification of a new M. leprae genotype, designated 1B-Bangladesh (14%), which clustered separately between the 1A and 1B strains. Moreover, we established that the genotype previously designated 1C, is not an independent subtype but clusters within the 1D genotype.Intraindividual differences were present between the M. leprae strains obtained including mutations in hypermutated genes, suggesting mixed colonization/infection or in-host evolution.In summary, we observed that M. leprae is present in asymptomatic contacts of leprosy patients fueling the concept that these individuals contribute to the current intensity of transmission. Our data therefore emphasize the importance of sensitive and specific tools allowing post-exposure prophylaxis targeted at M. leprae-infected or -colonized individuals.

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Asma Sadaf ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Afsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease. Methods: A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages. Results: Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially from tuberculosis. Conclusion: Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment, has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as well as in combination.

scholarly journals Recombinant polypeptide of Mycobacterium leprae as a potential tool for serological detection of leprosy

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Iara Beatriz Andrade de Sousa ◽  
Simone Simionatto ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Recombinant Polypeptide ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Scale Detection

AbstractCurrent prevention methods for the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, are inadequate as suggested by the rate of new leprosy cases reported. Simple large-scale detection methods for M. leprae infection are crucial for early detection of leprosy and disease control. The present study investigates the production and seroreactivity of a recombinant polypeptide composed of various M. leprae protein epitopes. The structural and physicochemical parameters of this construction were assessed using in silico tools. Parameters like subcellular localization, presence of signal peptide, primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and 3D model were ascertained using several bioinformatics tools. The resultant purified recombinant polypeptide, designated rMLP15, is composed of 15 peptides from six selected M. leprae proteins (ML1358, ML2055, ML0885, ML1811, ML1812, and ML1214) that induce T cell reactivity in leprosy patients from different hyperendemic regions. Using rMLP15 as the antigen, sera from 24 positive patients and 14 healthy controls were evaluated for reactivity via ELISA. ELISA-rMLP15 was able to diagnose 79.17% of leprosy patients with a specificity of 92.86%. rMLP15 was also able to detect the multibacillary and paucibacillary patients in the same proportions, a desirable addition in the leprosy diagnosis. These results summarily indicate the utility of the recombinant protein rMLP15 in the diagnosis of leprosy and the future development of a viable screening test.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae present on Ziehl-Neelsen-stained microscopic slides and in skin biopsy samples from leprosy patients in different geographic regions of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Nogueira Brum Fontes ◽  
Harrison Magdinier Gomes ◽  
Marcelo Ivens de Araujo ◽  
Edson Cláudio Araripe de Albuquerque ◽  
Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Geographic Regions

Analysis of the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Annexin A1 in Multibacillary Leprosy and Reactional Episodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amilcar Sabino Damazo ◽  
Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva ◽  
Leticia Rossetto da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca Junior ◽  
Joselina Maria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods: Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.Results: The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. The high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination scar. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particularly, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Antibiotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Isolated from Houseflies in a Fish Market

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobur ◽  
Hasan ◽  
Haque ◽  
Mridul ◽  
Noreddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level

Houseflies (Musca domestica) are well-known mechanical vectors for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria. Fish sold in open markets are exposed to houseflies. The present study investigated the prevalence and antibiotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp. in houseflies captured from a fish market. Direct interviews with fish vendors and consumers were also performed to draw their perceptions about the role of flies in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A total of 60 houseflies were captured from a local fish market in Bangladesh. The presence of Salmonella spp. was confirmed using PCR method. Antibiogram was determined by the disk diffusion method, followed by the detection of tetA, tetB, and qnrA resistance genes by PCR. From the interview, it was found that most of the consumers and vendors were not aware of antibiotic resistance, but reported that flies can carry pathogens. Salmonella spp. were identified from the surface of 34 (56.7%) houseflies, of which 31 (91.2%) were found to be MDR. This study revealed 25 antibiotypes among the isolated Salmonella spp. All tested isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. tetA and tetB were detected in 100% and 47.1% of the isolates, respectively. Among the 10 isolates phenotypically found resistant to ciprofloxacin, six (60%) were found to be positive for qnrA gene. As far as we know, this is the first study from Bangladesh to report and describe the molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in houseflies in a fish market facility. The occurrence of a high level of MDR Salmonella in houseflies in the fish market is of great public health concerns.

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