Detection of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in urine of leprosy patients by monoclonal-antibody-based sandwich immunoradiometric assay and avidin-biotin based immunoblotting

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Patil ◽  
K Katoch ◽  
U Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Leprosy Patients

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Asma Sadaf ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Afsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease. Methods: A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages. Results: Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially from tuberculosis. Conclusion: Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment, has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as well as in combination.

scholarly journals Recombinant polypeptide of Mycobacterium leprae as a potential tool for serological detection of leprosy

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Iara Beatriz Andrade de Sousa ◽  
Simone Simionatto ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Recombinant Polypeptide ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Scale Detection

AbstractCurrent prevention methods for the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, are inadequate as suggested by the rate of new leprosy cases reported. Simple large-scale detection methods for M. leprae infection are crucial for early detection of leprosy and disease control. The present study investigates the production and seroreactivity of a recombinant polypeptide composed of various M. leprae protein epitopes. The structural and physicochemical parameters of this construction were assessed using in silico tools. Parameters like subcellular localization, presence of signal peptide, primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and 3D model were ascertained using several bioinformatics tools. The resultant purified recombinant polypeptide, designated rMLP15, is composed of 15 peptides from six selected M. leprae proteins (ML1358, ML2055, ML0885, ML1811, ML1812, and ML1214) that induce T cell reactivity in leprosy patients from different hyperendemic regions. Using rMLP15 as the antigen, sera from 24 positive patients and 14 healthy controls were evaluated for reactivity via ELISA. ELISA-rMLP15 was able to diagnose 79.17% of leprosy patients with a specificity of 92.86%. rMLP15 was also able to detect the multibacillary and paucibacillary patients in the same proportions, a desirable addition in the leprosy diagnosis. These results summarily indicate the utility of the recombinant protein rMLP15 in the diagnosis of leprosy and the future development of a viable screening test.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae present on Ziehl-Neelsen-stained microscopic slides and in skin biopsy samples from leprosy patients in different geographic regions of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Nogueira Brum Fontes ◽  
Harrison Magdinier Gomes ◽  
Marcelo Ivens de Araujo ◽  
Edson Cláudio Araripe de Albuquerque ◽  
Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Geographic Regions

Analysis of the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Annexin A1 in Multibacillary Leprosy and Reactional Episodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amilcar Sabino Damazo ◽  
Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva ◽  
Leticia Rossetto da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca Junior ◽  
Joselina Maria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods: Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.Results: The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. The high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination scar. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particularly, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young You ◽  
Tae Jin Kang ◽  
Se-Kon Kim ◽  
Seong-Beom Lee ◽  
Gue-Tae Chae
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Leprosy Patients

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF FOOT-PAD ISOLATES AS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE BY LEPROMIN REACTIVITY IN LEPROSY PATIENTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Shepard ◽  
R. S. Guinto
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Immunological Identification

Lepromin, a product containing Mycobacterium leprae from patients' tissues, fails to elicit skin reactions in lepromatous patients; this non-reactivity was utilized as a means of identifying the mycobacterium isolated in mouse foot-pads from leprosy patients. To do this a suspension of acid-fast bacilli prepared from mouse foot-pads infected with a typical isolate was compared to human lepromin. The isolate was in fourth passage, and the multiplication since first isolation had diluted the original inoculum to insignificant levels. Three preparations were tested: A, A foot-pad preparation containing 1.6 x 107 organisms/ml, B, lepromin diluted to the same bacillary content, and C, undiluted lepromin containing 4.2 x 107 organisms/ml. The reactions were compared in 34 lepromatous and 30 tuberculoid patients. All 34 lepromatous patients were negative in both early (Fernandez) and late (Mitsuda) reactions to all 3 antigens. In the tuberculoid patients the late reactions were positive in 66.7, 70.0 and 90.0 per cent to antigens A, B, and C, respectively. The size of the reactions to A and B were closely correlated in the individual patients. Experience in leprosy patients with suspensions prepared from 16 other mycobacterial cultures is reported or reviewed. None of them produced reactions that correlated with those of lepromin. Thus the lack of reactivity to lepromin of lepromatous patients appears to be a specific phenomenon. The results provide evidence that the foot-pad isolates and M. leprae are immunologically identical.

scholarly journals Powerful Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Human Leprosy

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3113-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo ◽  
Jasmin Burgos ◽  
Tranquilino T. Fajardo ◽  
Eduardo Dela Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo M. Abalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Definite Improvement ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

ABSTRACT In a clinical trial of moxifloxacin in eight multibacillary leprosy patients, moxifloxacin proved highly effective. In all trial patients, a single 400-mg dose of moxifloxacin resulted in significant killing (P ≤ 0.006) of Mycobacterium leprae, ranging from 82% to 99%, with a mean of 91%. In all instances, no viable bacilli were detected with an additional 3 weeks of daily therapy, this observed rapid bactericidal activity being matched previously only by rifampin. On moxifloxacin therapy, skin lesions cleared exceedingly rapidly with definite improvement observed consistently after eight doses and progressive resolution continuing for the 56 days of the trial. Side effects, toxicities, and laboratory abnormalities were mild, not requiring discontinuation of therapy.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in healthy individuals in Lega Robi village, Ethiopia

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BEYENE ◽  
A. ASEFFA ◽  
M. HARBOE ◽  
D. KIDANE ◽  
M. MACDONALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Statistical Criteria

The number of registered leprosy patients world-wide has decreased dramatically after extensive application of WHO recommended Multiple Drug Therapy (MDT). The annual number of new cases has, however, been almost unchanged in several populations, indicating that the infection is still present at community level. Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA was studied in Lega Robi village in Ethiopia. MDT had been applied for more than ten years, and 718 residents over 5 years old were eligible for the study. During the first survey nasal swab samples were collected from 664 (92·5%) individuals. The results of a Peptide Nucleic Acid-ELISA test for M. leprae DNA interpreted by stringent statistical criteria were available for 589 (88·7%) subjects. Thirty-five (5·9%) individuals without clinical signs of leprosy were positive for M. leprae DNA. Seven PCR positive individuals lived in a household where one or two other members were also positive for M. leprae DNA. During a second survey 8 (4·6%) of 175 interpretable PNA-ELISA tests were positive. Of 137 individuals tested twice, only two were positive on both occasions whereas 10 were PCR positive only once. The study confirms the widespread distribution of M. leprae DNA in healthy individuals. The feasibility of curbing possible transmission of subclinical infection needs further consideration.

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