Pyrolysis dynamics of two medical plastic wastes: Drivers, behaviors, evolved gases, reaction mechanisms, and pathways

Rapid growth of medical plastic wastes required attention for its scientific disposal along with conversion into value added products. Pyrolysis method is found suitable process for such conversion of such wastes into liquid oil. The experiment was carried out with the medical plastic wastes collected from local medicals and treated in a batch reactor taking appropriate range of temperature change and use of Calcium bentonite (CB) and Zeolite-A (ZA) as catalysts. The yield of liquid oil, gas and char produced from the process are collected in scale. The yield of liquid fuel in this process was influenced by factors such as temperature, catalyst concentration and acidity of catalyst. It was observed that yield of liquid fuel in this process were significantly dependent on temperature, nature of catalyst and catalyst concentration. The maximum yield of oil reported at 500 C and even increased by adding 20% by weight of CB as catalyst and 10% by weight of Z-A. In this study, Mamdani Fuzzy inference System (FIS) is used in order to measure the performance of the process and can be analyzed with more objectives, oriented through mathematical modelling and simulation. Mamdani Fuzzy inference was also introduced to identify the significant factors affecting the response and helps to determine the best possible factor level of combination. Finally, a regression model for liquid fuel from catalytic degradation of medical plastic wastes has been developed and mapped as a function of process parameters.

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Analyses of the recycling potential of medical plastic wastes

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/s0956-053x(02)00006-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 461-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Byeong-Kyu Lee ◽

Michael J. Ellenbecker ◽

Rafael Moure-Eraso

Keyword(s):

Plastic Wastes ◽

Recycling Potential ◽

Medical Plastic

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Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122538 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 426-427

Author(s):

Jeff Gelles

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Transient State ◽

Nanometer Scale ◽

Reaction Intermediates ◽

Enzyme Molecule ◽

Directed Movement ◽

Enzyme Molecules ◽

Individual Enzyme ◽

Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

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X-Ray Microanalysis of Nickel and Cobalt Intensified Peroxidase- Antiperoxidase For Verification of Reaction Sites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119168 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 468-469

Author(s):

A. Angel ◽

K. Miller ◽

V. Seybold ◽

R. Kriebel

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Visual Discrimination ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

X Ray ◽

Insoluble Polymer ◽

Cytochemical Reaction

Localization of specific substances at the ultrastructural level is dependent on the introduction of chemicals which will complex and impart an electron density at specific reaction sites. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase(PAP) methods have been successfully applied at the electron microscopic level. The PAP complex is localized by addition of its substrate, hydrogen peroxide and an electron donor, usually diaminobenzidine(DAB). On oxidation, DAB forms an insoluble polymer which is able to chelate with osmium tetroxide becoming electron dense. Since verification of reactivity is visual, discrimination of reaction product from osmiophillic structures may be difficult. Recently, x-ray microanalysis has been applied to examine cytochemical reaction precipitates, their distribution in tissues, and to study cytochemical reaction mechanisms. For example, immunoreactive sites labelled with gold have been ascertained by means of x-ray microanalysis.

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